Inbreeding is when __________.

The purpose of selective breeding is to:

• For selective breeding human selects organisms having traits that are beneficial for them. 
• So to get these traits in just one organism, a cross is performed between the selected animals.
• This produced organism is having desirable traits and this is called artificial selection.
• Since ancient times human has produced domestic animals and crop plants through selective breeding.

Offspring produced from two different parent types, breeds, or species

• The offspring of two different parents that are from different breeds or species is called a hybrid. 
• Both parents of different types or breeds or species have different genetic compositions.
• They are having different alleles for their genes. 
• So as a result of sexual reproduction the produced offspring is having different alleles at the same loci for a gene. They are heterozygous.
• Also, these offspring have more new genetic combinations and thus more new traits.
• So, that's why these are called hybrids. 

Which of the following best represents inbreeding?

• The organisms which are closely related means have common ancestors and have many similarities in their genomes.
• Because of the same genes most of their traits are similar too.
• So, inbreeding represents crossing or sexual reproduction between similar animals.

Which of the following is NOT a result of selective breeding?

• Insects often match the color of the environment they live.
• This is a kind of adaptation.
• Matching with the color of the environment helps them to hide from the prey.
• So, this kind of change is developed only through natural selection.
• Because these traits help insects to survive.
• So this can not be a result of selective breeding.

Problems with selective breeding include:

• Selective breeding includes processes of inbreeding and hybridization.
• This causes lesser diversity in animals.
• The animals in a population have the same kind of traits and there will be a lack of variety.
• The animals will not be able to evolve.
• During natural selection, such changes or variations are developed in animal that helps them to survive in changing environments.
• But in the absence of natural selection, such variations will not develop and they won't be able to survive in changing conditions.
• So there will be health problems.

The image shows that the wolf is the ancestor to all the breeds of dogs shown below. How did this variation arise in a relatively short period of time?

• Through a selective breeding variety of dogs are developed from a common wolf ancestor.
• Through selective breeding or artificial selection, we can get new varieties in a short period as it is not a natural process.
• For the domestication of animals, such varieties are developed from wild varieties of animals.

Artificial selection is  ______.

• Artificial selection was discovered and explained by scientist Charles Darwin in the 19th century.
• But this process is not a new one and has been used for thousands of years ago.
• Ancient humans developed different breeds of animals and plants from wild ancestors. 
• They developed breeds of animals for domestication and plants for crop production.
• They were familiar with the results of inbreeding and hybridization.

Identify the type of selection in the given image.

• The variety of corns are developed through selective breeding.
• Ancient human developed such breeds of corn according to their needs and benefits.
• Through inbreeding and hybridization such varieties are developed.
• These varieties are able to grow in different soil and climatic conditions. Also, these are resistant for water loss. 

Identify the type of selection in the given image.

• The given image represents that different animals evolved from the same ancestors, and become different in appearance due to migrating to different geographical areas like India, China, America, and Europe.
•  In the second generation, these animals are more varied.
• These variations are caused by random mating in these animals. 
• These variations help these animals to adapt according to the environment.
• So, natural selection can be noticed here as a result of random mating.

Artificial selection is also known as________.

• Artificial selection is a process in which humans identify some desirable traits in organisms and through selective breeding, these traits are accumulated in the next generations of organisms.
• Natural selection is caused by random mating while artificial selection is caused by selective breeding.
• Human started the domestication of organisms that are beneficial to them many years ago. Some traits are useful for humans while some are not.
• So, the process of artificial selection allows human to grow plants with desirable traits and to keep the domestic animals with desired traits. 

In artificial selection ‘Selective Breeding’ is a necessary process due to earth’s population. Why is artificial selection important for humanity? Artificial selection has been a key factor in the evolution of:

Artificial selection has been a key factor in the evolution of:

What is an example of artificial selection?

 

Mutations do not cause variation.