A Scientist makes an acid solution by adding drops of acid to 1.2 L of water . The final volume the acid solution is 1.202 L, Assuming the volume of each drop is 0.05 mL, how many drops were added to the water ? About what percent of the solution is acid ? Round to the nearest hundredth of a percent .

The correct answer is: 40 drops of acid were added to the solution and acid constitutes around 0.17% of the entire acid solution

Step-by-step solution:-
Let the number of drops added to the water be x.
From the given information, we get-
Volume of water = 1.2l
∴ Volume of water = 1.2 × 1,000 ….................................................. (1l = 1,000 ml)
∴ Volume of water = 1,200 ml …...................................................... (Equation i)
Total volume of the acid solution = 1.202l
∴ Total volume of the acid solution = 1.202  1,000 ..................... (1l = 1,000 ml)
∴ Total volume of the acid solution = 1,202 ml ............................. (Equation ii)
Now, we know that-
Volume of acid = Number of drops poured volume of each drop
∴ Volume of acid = x × 0.05 ............................................................. (From given information)
∴ Volume of acid = 0.05 x ml ........................................................... (Equation iii)
Also,
Total volume of acid solution = volume of water + volume of acid
∴ 1,202 = 1,200 + 0.05x .............................. (From Equations i, ii & iii)
∴ 1,202 - 1,200 = 0.05x ........................................... (Taking all constants together)
∴ 2 = 0.05x
∴ 2/0.05 = x .................................................. (Dividing both sides by 0.05)
∴ 40 = x
Substituting x = 40 in Equation iii, we get-
Volume of acid = 0.05 x ml = 0.0540 = 2 ml .................................................................. (Equation iv)
Now,
Percent of acid in the solution = Volume of acid/ volume of total solution 100
∴ Percent of acid in the solution = 2ml / 1,202ml * 100 ...................... (From Equations ii & iv)
∴ Percent of acid in the solution = 0.17 %
Final Answer:-
∴ 40 drops of acid were added to the solution and acid constitutes around 0.17% of the entire acid solution.