Physics-
General
Easy
Question
P-V diagram of an ideal gas is as shown in figure. Work done by the gas in process ABCD is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
The correct answer is: ![3 P subscript 0 end subscript V subscript 0 end subscript](data:image/png;base64,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)
,
and ![W subscript C D end subscript equals 4 P subscript 0 end subscript V subscript 0 end subscript](data:image/png;base64,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)
Þ ![W subscript A B C D end subscript equals negative P subscript 0 end subscript V subscript 0 end subscript plus 0 plus 4 P subscript 0 end subscript V subscript 0 end subscript equals 3 P subscript 0 end subscript V subscript 0 end subscript](data:image/png;base64,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)
Related Questions to study
physics-
An ideal monoatomic gas is taken round the cycle ABCDA shown in the PV diagram in the given fig. The work done during the cycle is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
An ideal monoatomic gas is taken round the cycle ABCDA shown in the PV diagram in the given fig. The work done during the cycle is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
The attenuation in optical fibre is mainly due to
The attenuation in optical fibre is mainly due to
physics-General
physics-
The P-V diagram of 2 gm of helium gas for a certain process
is shown in the figure. what is the heat given to the gas during the process ![A rightwards arrow B](data:image/png;base64,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)
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
The P-V diagram of 2 gm of helium gas for a certain process
is shown in the figure. what is the heat given to the gas during the process ![A rightwards arrow B](data:image/png;base64,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)
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
In the following P-V diagram two adiabatics cut two isothermals at temperatures T1 and T2 (fig.). The value of
will be
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
In the following P-V diagram two adiabatics cut two isothermals at temperatures T1 and T2 (fig.). The value of
will be
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
A sample of an ideal gas is taken through a cycle a shown in figure. It absorbs 50J of energy during the process AB, no heat during BC, rejects 70J during CA. 40J of work is done on the gas during BC. Internal energy of gas at A is 1500J, the internal energy at C would be
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
A sample of an ideal gas is taken through a cycle a shown in figure. It absorbs 50J of energy during the process AB, no heat during BC, rejects 70J during CA. 40J of work is done on the gas during BC. Internal energy of gas at A is 1500J, the internal energy at C would be
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
P-V diagram of a cyclic process ABCA is as shown in figure. Choose the correct statement
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
P-V diagram of a cyclic process ABCA is as shown in figure. Choose the correct statement
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
In the following figure, four curves A, B, C and D are shown. The curves are
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
In the following figure, four curves A, B, C and D are shown. The curves are
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAXQAAACjCAYAAACaL+VwAAAbvElEQVR4nO3de3SMd/4H8PdQl65bqBZFkEkttdoIEpxQGXKpa5LVFbeKKNukuqJubV3qkohEEC1dl1IsO7E2iAgSTGKTuoQiKRGaZOOu4pJYqqV8f384Mz8jkc5MnplnLu/XOXOOzPPMd96n/cwn33znuSiEEAJERGTzqskdgIiIpMGGTkRkJ9jQiYjsBBs6EZGdYEMnIrITbOhERHaCDZ2IyE6woRNJpLi4WO4I5ODY0IkkUFpaCm9vb7ljkIOTvKFzlkKOKD4+HsXFxZgzZ47cUciBKaQ89b+0tBSdOnXCf//7X6mGJLJ6paWlaNOmDUpLS+Hk5IQ7d+7IHYkclKQzdM5SyBHFx8fr/l1aWsr6J9lINkPnLIUckfav0qVLlyIwMBDp6ekIDAxk/ZMsJJuhc5ZCjmj9+vVYunQpAgICAAC9e/fG9u3bWf8kC0lm6JylkKPKyMhA7969AQAKhQLaj9OpU6fg5uYmZzRyQJI09Pj4eLRu3RoBAQG6os7IyEBGRgZnKuQwnm3oRHJ4SYpB3NzcdLMUrd69e8PJyUmK4YmIyACSHrYIcJZCjou1T3LjmaJERHaCDZ0IQHh4OBQKhd6DyNawoRMBSEtLg1qthhACQgj4+fnB399f7lhERinX0DlTIUdUWFgIDw8P3c8qlUrGNESmKdfQOVMhR5OVlQUAcHFx0T2n0Wj0fiayBeUOW6xopqLRaCwaisiSDh06BD8/P93PsbGxSE1NRWFhoYypiIyn19A5UyFHVFxcjNTUVL3lRR5+SLZIb8nlRTOVKVOmWDwYkaU8v8zIZl65DRs2yB2BXkBvhs6ZCjmaoqKicsuM9GIJCQkICQnB+fPnERUVJXcceo7eDJ0zFXI0V69eBQAuKxro5s2bAIDGjRvLnIQqomvonKmQI/Ly8uLExQhs6NZN19A5UyGi33P37l0AQIMGDWROQhXRNXTOVIjo92gbev369WVOQhXhqf9EZLCysjIAbOjWig2diAz28OFDAEDt2rVlTkIVYUMnIoP9+uuvAICaNWvKnIQqwoZORAbTztDZ0K0TGzoRGYwN3bqxoRORwV566enJ5b/99pvMSagibOhEZLDq1asDAB4/fixzEqoIGzoRGYwzdOvGhk5EBtPO0NnQrRMbOhEZrE6dOgCAn3/+WeYkVBE2dCIymPYMUe0Zo2Rd2NCJyGDai3KxoVsnm27o//znPxERESF3DCKHwYZu3Wy6oc+dOxfLli1D3759sWHDBly6dEnuSGYTHh4OhUKhu+8r0e85evQojh49KumY2oauveoiWRebbujBwcEAgAMHDiAkJATOzs546623EBERgZ07d+LevXsyJ5RGUVER/v73v0OpVOLQoUNyxyEb0b17d3Tr1g1FRUWSjam9scVPP/0k2ZgkHZtu6KGhobp/+/j4oE6dOvjhhx+wbNkyDB48GPXq1cM777yDuXPnIjMzU8akVRMeHo6wsDD4+vqiuLhY7jhkI+bMmQPg6V+yUmnRogUA4MqVK5KNSRISEjPDkJX6y1/+IgCIefPmCSGEyMjIELNnzxZeXl4CgN6jfv36YvDgwWLZsmXihx9+sGhOU6nVat1/05iYGKFUKmVORC9i6do3hFKpFADE7t27JRnv/PnzAoDw8fGRZDySls039L179woAonXr1uW2lZWVie3bt4uPP/5YdOjQoVyDb9WqlRgzZozYuHGjuHz5skVzG0qpVAq1Wi2EECIzM9MqmwY9ZY3/b7QTAnd3d0nGu3//vgAg3nzzTUnGI2nZfEMXQgg3NzcBQGzYsKHS/YqLi8W6devEyJEjxeuvv16uwbu5uYlPPvlE7Nq1S9y/f99C6V/s+Rl5YWGhACAKCwtlTEUvYo0NXQghAgMDBQARHR0tyXiNGzcWDRo0kGQskpZCCGlvJKpQKCx+b9I1a9Zg/Pjx8PT0xJEjRwx+3alTp6DRaHSPBw8e6G339vaGSqWCSqVCjx49pI5dqaKiIiiVygq3qdVq3RfCZD3kqH1D5OXloUOHDgCA3NxcdOzYsUrjubm5IScnB3fu3IGTk5MUEUkqUv+GMMOQBmnRokWV1wo1Go2YOXOm6NGjR7nZu5OTkwgKChLLly8XeXl5EiavWFhYmAgLCyv3vJ+fn4iJiTH7+5Px5Kp9Q8TExAgAws/Pr8pjab+3OnTokATJSEp209CjoqIEAPHuu+9KMt7t27dFYmKi+Oijj0T79u3LNfg2bdqIsWPHis2bN4tr165J8p5a2rXyipZWwsLCJPlQkvSsuaELIUSvXr0EAPHVV19VaZwvvvhCABBr166VKBlJxS6WXADg3r17aNGiBcrKypCWlgYfHx9Jxy8qKoJGo0F6ejo0Gg2uX7+ut93d3V23PKNSqVCrVi1J35+sn7UuuWhlZ2fD09MTAJCTk4O33nrLpHG2bNmC4OBgTJkyBYsWLZIyIlWV1L8hzDCkwebOnSsACH9/f7O/1/Hjx0VsbKx49913Ra1atfRm7wqFQvTp00dERUWJw4cPmz0LWQc5a99Q0dHRAoDo1auXyWPk5OQIAKJ///4SJiMp2M0MHXg6S2/ZsiVKS0vNMkt/kSdPnui+WE1PTy/3xWyjRo30Zu9//OMfLZKLLMvaZ+ha/fv3x+7duzFjxgxERkYa/fpHjx6hZs2acHFxQWFhoRkSkqnsqqEDwPz58zF79myoVCocOHBAlgy3bt3Sa/Dnzp3T265UKvUa/GuvvSZLTpKW3LVvqKKiIri5ueF///sfkpOTMWDAAKPHaNeuHc6dO4e7d++iXr16ZkhJprC7hv7rr7/CxcUFV69exebNmzF8+HDZsmgVFBToNfgbN27obe/SpYteg69Ro4ZMSakq5K59Y2zcuBGjR49GkyZNcPToUbRq1cqo148aNQqbNm2y6F/CZACp13DMMKTRvv76awFAtG/fXu4oFcrOzhYLFy4Uvr6+okaNGnrr7y+99JLw9fUVCxcuFEePHpU7KhnBGmrfGFOmTBEARN++fY1+7VdffSUAiPnz55shGZnKLhu6EEJ06dJFABCLFi2SO0qlHj16JFJTU8X06dNF165dyx0e+eqrr4qhQ4eKVatWiR9//FHuuFQJa6l9Y/j6+goA4pNPPjHqdceOHeMXo1bI7pZctJKSkhAQEIAGDRrg3LlzaNKkidyRDFJSUqJ39mpBQYHe9rZt2+otz7zyyisyJaXnWUvtG+PSpUvw8PDA9evXsWrVKowfP97g19apUwd/+MMfUFJSYsaEZAy7begAEBQUhO3bt2PMmDFYt26d3HFMcv78eb0Gf+vWLb3tnp6eeg2+WjWbviKyTbOm2jfG7t270b9/fwBASkoK+vXrZ9DrVCoV0tPTcebMGbz55pvmjEiGknrKb4YhTZafn69buti5c6fccSRx5MgRsWDBAtG3b19RrVo1veWZmjVrCn9/fxEbGyuOHz8ud1SHY021b6xVq1YJAKJBgwYiJyfHoNd89tlnPGPUyth1Qxfi/0+k6NChg9xRJPfLL7+IPXv2iKlTp4rOnTuXW39v0qSJGDZsmFizZg2v0GgB1lb7xpo1a5bus3Lr1q3f3T85OVkAECNGjLBAOjKEXS+5aHl6eiI7OxszZ87E/Pnz5Y5jNtevX9ddmkCj0ZS79Vi7du30lmcaNmwoU1L7ZI21b6zQ0FB8++238PPzw969eyvd99GjR6hbty7q1auHmzdvWighVcYhGrpGo0GfPn0AAJmZmfDy8pI5kWWcPXtWr8HfuXNHb3v37t31GjxVjTXWvil8fX2xb98+BAYGYtu2bZXuO2jQICQnJ+PgwYPo1auXhRLSC0k95TfDkJKYNGmSACA6deokdxTZfPfddyIyMlKoVKpyyzO1a9cW/fr1E3FxceLEiRNyR7VJ1lr7xrp//77uFo7Dhg2rdN/ly5cLAOLzzz+3UDqqjEPM0LW6dOmC77//HhMnTkR8fLzccWT14MEDvatHnjx5Um/766+/rrvBx7M346YXs+baN9atW7fg7++P48ePIzQ0FGvXrq1wv4KCArzxxhtwd3fH999/b+GU9DyHauiHDx/W3XkoMTERQUFBMieyHlevXtVr8MXFxQCAjh07Ijc3V+Z0tsGaa98UV65cgb+/P06fPo3w8HCsWLGiwv3efvtt5Obm4sKFC3B2drZwStIj9ZTfDENKSnvUS/PmzUVJSYnccazW6dOnxZdffinS09PljmIzrL32TfHjjz8KpVIpAIhx48ZVuM/UqVMFADFy5EgLp6PnOdQMXatfv37Ys2cPgoKCkJiYKHccshO2UPumOHv2LIKCgpCfn4/g4GCo1Wq97ZmZmejVqxe8vb2h0WhkSkmAgy25aBUVFaF79+64ceOGydeEJnqeLdS+qS5duoQ///nPOHbsGPr374/t27frXRW0Q4cOyMvLw7lz59C2bVsZkzo2hzxP3MXFRXcpgKioKGzevFnmRETWrWXLlkhLS4NKpUJKSgp8fHxw+/Zt3fbg4GAAT29PR/JxyIYOPL1ri/Z+iKGhoThx4oTMiYism5OTE9LS0jBo0CAcPHgQPj4+OHPmDABg6NChAICEhAQ5Izo8h23oADBlyhSEhobi4cOHCA0NxS+//CJ3JCKrVr16dSQlJWHEiBE4ceIEevTogaSkJLRt2xbe3t7Iy8tDZmam3DEdlkM3dABYu3YtunfvjpycHIwYMULuOEQ2YdOmTZg1axbu3r2LgIAALFmyRLfswlm6fBzyS9Hn5efnw9vbG9evX8e4ceOwevVquSORDbLF2q+qDRs2ICQkBADwwQcfYO3atWjUqBGv7SITh5+hA08vWrV161bUqFEDa9aswaeffip3JCKbMHr0aGRmZsLFxQXffPMNmjVrhlu3bmHlypVyR3NInKE/Q3uXIwCIjY3F1KlTZU5EtsSWa7+qrl+/jvfffx/79u0DALRq1Up3tjFZDmfozxg8eLDumhXTpk174fUriEhf06ZNkZaWhsmTJwMALly4gAEDBsicyvGwoT8nNDQUsbGxAJ6uCT5/VhwRvVhcXJxuyTIlJQWdO3fGkSNHZE7lONjQKzB16lRdUQ4fPhwbNmww23uFh4dDoVDoPZ6/MQWRLYmOjkaHDh0AACdOnED37t0RFxcncyrHwIb+AtHR0ZgxYwYAICQkBN98841Z3ictLQ1qtRri6e0A4efnx+InmzdhwgQAgIeHB4CnkyQ/Pz8cP35czlh2jw29EpGRkZgzZw4AYNy4cfj6668lf4/CwkJd0QNPL0tAZOs+/PBDNGnSBNnZ2UhOTkbPnj2RlpaGrl274tNPP8Xjx4/ljmifpL58oxmGlN2CBQt0d/ZZunSpZONmZmYKpVKp9zMA3tDZRtlj7VfFF198IQCIv/71r0IIIb788ktRt25dAUC4uLgItVotc0L7w4ZuoLi4OF1Tj46OlmTMmJiYcreCY5HbLnutfVM9ePBAvPbaawKA7raG165dE2PGjNHVe1BQkDh79qzMSe0HG7oRli1bpitE7ayjKsLCwkRMTIzu58LCQgFAZGZmVnlssjx7rn1TxcfHCwDivffe03t+9+7dolOnTrrP09SpU8WNGzdkSmk/2NCNtHnzZqFQKAQA4e/vL27evGnyWEqlstyMnLN022XvtW+q9u3bCwBi//795bYtWLBA1KxZUwAQtWrVEjNmzBClpaUypLQPbOgm+O6770SbNm0EANGuXTtx/Phxo8fQzsafXS8PCwvTW1Mn2+IItW+Kf/zjHwKAUKlUFW7/6aefdLexAyDq1asn5s6dK+7fv2/hpLaPDd1Ely9fFr179xYAxMsvvywSExONer32C9BnH2zmts1Rat8UXl5eAoDYsmXLC/e5fPmymDhxou7z8Morr4jo6Gjx6NEjCya1bWzoVRQSEqIrwEWLFskdh2TkaLVvjN27dwsA4u233/7dfYuKikRYWJjuc9WoUSMxdepUfnlqADZ0CWgPzwIgAgMDxZUrV+SORDJwxNo3xuDBgwUAsXjxYoP2z8/PFx988IHeX7GDBg0SSUlJZk5qu3i1RYn861//woQJE1BSUoImTZpg+fLlGDJkiNyxyIIctfYNdfLkSbi7u6N69erIy8sz+GbSN27cwNq1a7Fu3ToUFBQAeHrJ67FjxyI0NBSNGjUyZ2zbIvVvCDMMaTMuX76sm4UAEJMmTZI7ElmQI9e+oebNm6ebaZvi3//+t+jXr5/uM1atWjUxbtw4kZKSInFS28SGbgbPnjDk6elp0lEwZHtY+4bx9PQUAMTq1atNHiM3N1dERESI+vXr6621h4aGip07d0qY1rZwycVMsrKy8NFHHyE3NxcAEBMTg2nTpsmcisyJtW+Y//znP3jnnXfg5OSEvLw8NGvWzOSxHj58iK1bt2LHjh1ISkrCo0ePAAANGjRAQEAABg8ejICAACgUCqniWzepf0OYYUib9fjxY/Hhhx/qZhBdunQRe/fulTsWmQlr33Da485Hjhwp2Zg///yzUKvVIjg4WNSuXVv3uatbt65o06aNWLlypTh9+rRk72eNOEO3gKSkJMycOROnT58GAIwdOxaRkZFo2rSpzMlISqx943To0AF5eXlQq9UIDg6WdOxHjx7pZu07duzA/fv3dduaNm2Knj17wsvLC15eXnB3d5f0veXEhm5B8+bNwxdffAEAqFevHiIjI/G3v/1N5lQkFda+cVJSUjBgwAC0bNkSubm5cHJyMsv7PHnyBPv370dmZiaysrKQlZWF3377Tbe9YcOGugbfrVs3tG/fHo0bNzZLFnNjQ7ew/Px8zJgxA9u2bQMAeHl5ISoqCr169ZI5GVUVa994YWFhWLlyJYYMGYKtW7da5D0fP36MrKwsvQb/7AweAJo0aYL27dujXbt2aNeune7fzs7OVXrvrKws9OzZU/ezUqnUHYopCanXcMwwpF1KSEgQSqVSt8733nvviSNHjsgdi6qAtW8aDw8PAUBERkbKluHw4cMiNjZWDB8+XHTq1Em8/PLL5S7NAUDUr19feHh4iKioKKPfQ3v027NXU/Xz85P0YnycocvoyZMnmDlzJmJiYvDkyRMAwNChQzF58mR07dpV5nRkLNa+aXJycuDh4YGHDx9i165d6N+/v9yRADy9m1h+fj7Onj2L/Px83b9v374NPz8/7N271+CxtDPzzMxMeHl5mS0zG7oVuHbtGhYvXozFixfrnhs2bBgmT56Mzp07y5iMjMHaN93GjRsxevRoNGvWDMeOHUPz5s3ljvRC165dM/pQS39/fwAw6peAKXhPUSvQrFkzxMXF4fLly5g0aRIAQK1Wo0uXLhg5ciROnjwpc0Ii83r//fcxadIkXLt2DePGjZM7TqVMOW4+NTUVKpXKDGn0saFbkebNm2PJkiW4ePEiJk6cCADYvHkz3N3dERAQgKSkJJkTEpnPkiVL4O3tjT179uDzzz+XO45kioqKAKDKX6gagg3dCrVs2RLx8fEoLi7Gxx9/DODpsewBAQF44403EBUVhatXr8qckkh6a9asQaNGjRAdHY0tW7bIHcfmcA3dBpSUlGD9+vVYv3498vLydM8PGzYMISEh8PX1lTEdabH2pZGYmIghQ4agTp06OHDgADw9PeWOVGX+/v5ITU3Vqw9XV1ekpaXBxcVFsvdhQ7cxu3fvxvr16/WO2e3YsSNCQkIwatQovPrqqzKmc2ysfenMnz8fs2fPhrOzMw4cOABXV1e5I1WZq6srCgsLdT+b44gXNnQbdfHiRaxfvx7ffvstiouLdc/37dsXAwcOxMCBA9GmTRsZEzoe1r60IiIisGzZMnTq1AkHDhxAw4YN5Y5k9djQ7UBiYiLWr1+PXbt26T3frVs3XXPv2LGjTOkcB2tfeqNGjcKmTZvQt29f7Nu3T+44Vo8N3Y6UlZUhOTlZ93jw4IFu25/+9CcMGjQIAwcORLdu3WRMab9Y++bRr18/7NmzB0OHDkVCQoLccawaG7qdevz4sV5zLykp0W0rKytD/fr1ZUxnn1j75nHv3j306dMH2dnZCA8Px4oVK+SOZLXY0B3E/v37kZycjPPnz2PPnj1yx7FLrH3zuXDhAlQqFYqKijBr1izMmzdP7khWiQ2dSCKsffM6ceIEVCoVysrKEBQUhMTERLkjWR2eWERENsHd3V13uO62bduwcOFCmRNZHzZ0IrIZPj4+SElJQY0aNfDZZ5/pbhhDT3HJhUgirH3LSU9PR2BgIMrKyjBlyhQsWrRI7khWgTN0IrI53t7eSE1NRdOmTREXF4cJEyYY9frw8HAoFAq9R2xsrJnSWg4bOhHZJE9PT6SmpsLFxQUrVqzA2LFjDX5tWloa1Go1hBAQQiAzMxPTp0+3+abOJRciibD25VFQUICAgACcOXMGwcHBUKvVv/sahUKBwsJCvQtjxcbGYvXq1dLe49PCOEMnIpvm6uqK1NRUdO3aFQkJCQgICKh0/6ysLCiVynJXObTE9crNjQ2diGxe8+bNkZqail69eqFGjRqV7nvo0KEKr9548eJFc8WzmJfkDkBEJIWGDRvi4MGDv7tfcXFxhbeD02g0GD9+vDmiWQxn6ETkUNLS0sotryQkJCA1NRVDhgyRKZU02NCJyGEUFRWhsLAQHh4euudiY2MxbNgwqNVqSe8eJAcuuRCRw9Dei1epVOqeUyqVdnN0Eg9bJJIIa5/kxiUXIiI7wYZORGQn2NCJiOwEGzoRkRXKyMjApEmTjHoNGzpZPVMKm8jW9e7dG4MHD4ZCoTC4/tnQyeqZUthE9qB3795IT09HfHy8QfXPwxbJZmRkZMDb2xsAEBERgaVLl8qcSF/Dhg1RWloqdwyyc05OTjh58iRat25dbpvkDZ1FTZZSWWET2YtTp07pJjITJ05EREQEnJycKtxX8oZOZC7GFDaRPTh16hQCAwMxevRog+qdp/6TTdAWNhs5OYri4mJkZGTg5MmTBtc7Z+hk9YqLi7Fjxw6EhISwkRNVgg2diMhO8LBFIiI7wYZORGQn2NCJiOwEGzoRkZ1gQycishNs6EREMgkPD0dsbGy557OysqBQKFBUVGTUeGzoZBWkLmwiW9C6dWtoNJpyz0dGRiImJsbom1azoZNVkLqwiWyBs7MzCgoK9J5LSEhAQUEBpk2bZvR4PPWfrEJlhb13716ZUhGZV4sWLVBYWKj33MyZMxEZGWnSeJyhk1WQurCJbIGXlxcA6JYUY2Nj4erqiuDgYJPG46n/ZDUUCgUKCwvh4uKC2NhYaDQazs7J7rm6uiIyMhLBwcF6nwFTcMmFrIZSqUR2djZcXFwwffr0cjN2Invk6uqKixcvIjw8HGFhYVX6vogNnayGlIVNZCtUKhU0Gg1SU1OrfLc3NnSyGlIWNpGtcHZ2RmpqKmJiYqo8Fhs6WQ0pC5vIVgQHB5v8Jejz+KUoEZGd4GGLRER2gg2diMhOsKETEdkJNnQiIjvBhk5EZCfY0ImI7AQbOhGRnfg/cMEthBaPk3AAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
physics-General
physics-
Six moles of an ideal gas perfomrs a cycle shown in figure. If the temperature are TA = 600 K, TB = 800 K, TC = 2200 K and TD = 1200 K, the work done per cycle is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Six moles of an ideal gas perfomrs a cycle shown in figure. If the temperature are TA = 600 K, TB = 800 K, TC = 2200 K and TD = 1200 K, the work done per cycle is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
Four co-planar concurrent forces are acting on a body as shown in the figure to keep it in. equilibrium. Then the values of P and q are
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Four co-planar concurrent forces are acting on a body as shown in the figure to keep it in. equilibrium. Then the values of P and q are
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAOAAAADeCAYAAAAkXQw8AAAgAElEQVR4nO3dd5xddZ3/8dcpt9fpPZlJpqRNeg+QhN4ExIIgWFBY+/rTdddd19+ia8Fd5YdrQRRREVSKrEgRhAAhCQkhPZn0nul9bm/nnN8fkwAhnUzmTmY+z8cj/+SW+d7yvt/z7YplWRZCiKxQs10AIUYyCaAQWSQBFCKLJIBCZJEEUIgskgAKkUUSQCGySM92AYYi0zRpamqisbHxuLd7PB7KysrIy8sb5JKJ4UYCeBzhcJjnn3+e119/Hb/ff8zteXl53HLLLRJAcdYkgMdx6NAhWltbufPOO5k+ffoxtyuKgq7LWyfOnnyLjqO1tZVgMEhNTQ0OhyPbxRHDmATwONauXYvf7ycYDGIaGSLdrbT2JskrKibo86ApR+5pkYzHMUzQbHZsNh1VASyLVDJOxrBAUdFtNuw2eavFseRb8S6ZTIbe3l6qqqrIJMIcaljOEy+sofHAHuKeWj76iVu4aFo1NgUsK03zzrU88vCfUKsu5EM3XktNsRfLMujYu5Jf/+l1xk5fwKWL5lEUlLdaHEuGId6lubkZRVEYPXo06VSCA50WcxZfyXVXzqNt0zJeXr6WSObIvTXyK0bjjezmxWee4Y2dTfQvLbHwe1TCESel5RX4XBI+cXzyzXiXnTt3EggEKCjIx+HNZeaCRQSDfqzkKN74+0pMyyBzeAGXoqh43TZsgRq0xA7eXLmeG+bV4lEh1RulavGVVFeV43bYsvuixJAlNeC77Nu3j0mTJlFYWITd7iAQ8GGkk4Q620jnT2TW9Hpy7YfvbFnEmnag1F/FjJoy2htWsq87iWFa7NjVwsT6Ivx+V1ZfjxjaJIDvsnTpUjweD16vFwAjnaRx2wq+/41vsuZAGwlLwTx8X9O02LntAGOm1nP5VfMIWJ0s3bAH07LY3R6jxq3gk8pPnMSIDeDy5cv57ne/y4svvgiAZVkkk0lUVT1q8F3VdAKFlSy89FL0ptf54x+fYOP+nv7HYLG3tZdqv87U6XOYMMrHC8+8TCzVTF8mH121jdw3WJyWEdkGTKVSbN26lT179tDS0sLo0aOprKxk7dq15OfnEwwG37qvqmr48su54JpbsKLN/HFlN3s7Q8wc7cNKt9Ee9eKy2QkGKxk/eSLP/uyvLHs5FyqmoDvk8lOc3Ij8gdY0jRtvvJFbb72VcDjMo48+Sm9vL+vXr6e+vp5AIPD2nRUFTbfjyylidO0kqkYVEXQ7MNNJIvs3YhRNQne40Zx+xlSPo9of4zd/XEn1hHIcTrn+FCc3YgOYn5/PnDlzWLhwIcuWLWP58uVs2rSJ2bNn4/P5AINwbzub161j+6697Nu7h5a2XkZPmEp1vpe+rg5WvbQMW2EhiqYDKoUVY7js4unsbDeZUGzDqY/It1ecgRF5CXqEx+Nh0aJFbNmyhXvuuQfLsggEAtjtdrASNO9ZzY++/XOMohpK/Bp5dRdy3eWzKPWkWb98NU++9CZF9gWkpxViYceXW8TsG27muvQ+Cuz6O2bMCHF8ykjfltCyLDZs2MAdd9xBTU0N9957L0VFRQBkUkn6utroCCXJLSwhx+/Gph2p1Sz63zkF5R1BM02DWDyJx+1CUSSB4uRGfAAB+vr6WLp0Kbqus3jxYlyu/s4Ty7KwTAPDtFBVDVVVOZ1MWZYl4ROnRQIIGIZBMpnEsixcLheqemzbLfLS33FOmYpeUJiFEorhSnoJ6O+UcbvdeDyeY8JnGQaZ9jb6Hv4tyW1bsRKJLJVSDEcSwFOwkkliK5aR3NpAdMmLZLo6s10kMYxIAE/GsjCjESLPPo0ZjxNfvZLUzh1gmqd+rBCnQQJ4ElY6TfrQQWIrl2OlkqQP7CexcT1mUi5DxcCQAJ6E0d1F+Nm/YmUyYFlYhkF83Zukdu3KdtHEMCEBPBHLItPaQmz5a3Cko9iySO3eRez1ZW//nxBnYUTPhDkZMxYj3dKErbwC1/SZRJ5/FueMWSgOB0ZPN0Z3N5psSyjOkgTwREwTW0kZ+f/0dbS8fGLLluK/8cM4xo/H6OvDMjKnfg4hTkECeAKqz4dz6uE9QS0LNA0tEMBeNTa7BRPDirQBhcgiCaAQWSQBFCKLJIBCZJEEUIgskgAKkUUSQCGySAIoRBZJAIXIIgmgEFkkARQiiySAQmSRBFCILJIACpFFEkAhskgCKEQWSQCFyCIJoBBZJAEUIoskgEJkkQRQiCySAAqRRRJAIbJIAihEFkkAhcgiCaAQWSQBFCKLJIBCZJEEUIgskgAKkUUSQCGySAIoRBYdfUCnZZJJJYnEElgAioLN7sTldKCpSlYKKMRwdswJuZl4H7tXPMuPH32DifMXMHm0l/0799GrFnLLbR+hzG/DpkkYhRgIR1+CKgo2l4+qQhebN+9Czy1h0ozZTKzKYfmff8UDT60kGk9mqahCDD/vagMqqJqOz+tF13QcTic5BRVU1UxmtC/BCy8uJyYBFGLAnLITxjTSpFMJ0qaKx+NGlbagEAPmJAE0MQyLSMdeVr7wGCv3w+2f+BBer2fwSifEMHdMJ8zbLLpbD3GwzceYC2/md1d/kbqaYtx2GbkQYqCcJIAquYWl1IybiE9V0HQdXZPwCTGQjhtAy7KwAM2m43A4cEjuhDgnjoqWZRqk4hEOHGohGQ/R1t5Jd2+YjJmt4gkxvB0dQCNDqHU/f1uxkcJCNwe3bGbL9kOkJIBCnBNHXYKqNgcFNTP4x/+czpcsQFGQQQchzp0TdMIoKJI8Ic65YwJoAcmMScYCVQFdUdBVBRl/F2LgHbcGDKVM/mdTiNaYgWGBpvSHUVP6gzgux8bVo92MDdgGu7xCDCvHBFABcp0axW6Nx3ZH2deXJmO9fVuRW+OfpwVw6zI2IcTZOm6KdFXhjol+PlbnpcijvdUetICagM7MIgc+u4I1iAUVYjg6YTXm0BT+z9Qgn50UwHl4/Z8CvNme4p+Wd/Pc/hjJjIUpKRTiPTvJVDRw6QqfGO8lbVr817peJubauffCPA6FMzyxJ8q9G0NcWOrkK1MD5Ls0ZJ2uEGfmpAFUFShyaXxsnJeUYXEglKY6YGNSrp0p+XY2dKbY0Jnk9iXtVAds3DjWw/QCB74hP2Hbou3ADjqiKrlFJZTm+bJdIDFCnTSA0N8eLPfofHFygLXtCXx2Fbeu4HfYqfTbmFvsYEVLkvUdSR7cGuZpV4xF5S6m5tsp957y6QeZRTqVYM1Lf2Vnn51R+QorV2+gftYs5k6synbhxAh0WlWVXVMo8WhcVenGpb/dHnTpClV+G7fUevnmrByurnSTMi0e2RHmlw1hntwTZUdPmlhmaDQUzXSSUNMWfv2HF6mbPoOpU6cTTB/kd488S1vUGIKdShaYaTpaWwhFYqSlwT3snNG1onaCqWmqAkGHyk01Xv57QR5fmRakM25w99pe7tnQy2tNcfaG0vQmzax+yVOxPnYue4bd+hiKfB5yCsqpKM4jtnMJq/f2YVlD6wtuZDK0H9zOGytXsXJtA92h2BD8kRBnY8Abaw5NYVahg58uzGfJDaVMyLHzhaVdvP/ZNh7dFSGatkibVla+SLFolHXrNxMsyEfTVEwTAgE/Li3Dhu27MYdYDRMJhfndfb+n5qKLCO98jTfXbcbIdqHEgDpnjTRVAY9N4dMTfXyg2sOGziRP7I7y880hZhU6+PdZQcq9OvogznHLZDK0d3SS9nbSsGUL7QE3TfsbicbTdHT3DVo5Tk+GdKabra1JPqaoFDgs9nR00p2CQnu2yyYGyjntJekPoYrbphJ0qIzPsbOlK8XGzhSfe7WTUq/ODWPcXFDiIjgYq34tsCzQ7A6cLhderwe7TUe3KVhDcN2HhYFhKagoKKaJYRjIyrDhZVC6KRXAa1PxBFQqvDqzi5zU59lZ057k8V1RntsfZ1GZkznFTkZ59XO2EkO36eTn5aDoHqqqxlBRGCDTsglNVSkuyDm3K0Ask0wqTuPBQ2jeAvJy/Lid75xLa9HZdJCk5sbvD+Bz6+hagIpcnQQmEVMjEAgw5DqWxVkZ1I9T4e0e1RvGerhslJvXmuIsbU7wxJ4oa9qT1Oc7mJ5vZ5RPH/DxRJfbTf2Uifz55VZM00RVTSKROGnFw7SaCpRzlEDLSBLq7Wb5stWodp1E3xvoZVOYPmEMZfk+UokYm1a+xqHeNF6HQcYziknjayjw+rhq0QwOtnQQD9QxZcJYPEN9iFWckax9nP21osLVlW6+OzeH/5yTiwXctznEf63r5W8HYmzvSdOZMBiozkmnx8+0xVdSnGlmX3MrTY0HONDcSX7dImbWFZyzACZC7Wxc8ijPbY1x0eJLmV6Xw4uP/55nX99GPJmg8+AmfnTvQ5TUz2RiXTl7Vv2Nx1/ZjOJ0s+C6D1Ob6+eKqy+lprJ8CF4oi7MxJC5odFWhLsfGfy3IwzAtHt4R4Qfr+kgYFrfVebljoh+3ruDQzm5domJz4yufzbfv3MHdv3wQjxYlt3Iyn/r8xym09z+xaVkYloFlWSiKgqqoaGf5tW/dt43nX1hB3Y3fwm6zMXrKPMqtP7N+6avMm1TEgef+RHPRLCoCHkrzaslzPsczf32Cg9fMo8arUVBSclZ/XwxdQyKARyj0h/GmGi/XVLpp6E7x+O4o8x5vYkKuje/MzaUux4btLFKo2RyMvfBW7p2RIJUxcbncOJzOt27f29fEK43rORBpp8AZ4ILSemYU1J7V64pHIrT29hFIJvuHX7QghXk6DU0tHNjbxJoN2ygZMw9d10B1kht0YcQ3sndvNzWT88/qb4uhbUgF8AiXruDUNeYUORnrt3FDlYfNXSn+5fVu/HaFays9XDnaRZ5TO/MnVxR0u4uA3fXWf8UyCVa37Oae9Y+SMQ0m5Y2hwBWgLxXlR+sfoyPWw/zyNJ/0aFS+h9fj9QfIceq8vmotX7hmEjYtRSKZIpMxSSQStHX34p8aQFVVQMVu08FIEQuFAQngcDYkAwhvT3Wr8OmUeHSmF9qZlGfnzfYESxrjLGmMMbfIyeJyF5V+/T3Xil2JEKtaG/h1w3NMyK1kcflURvmK8NvdxDNJmqNdrOvYxW/rG9i792ly+tacuuwK1ATKuaXuUnKdfvJGT+D9N1zKj37/HN/5YZjZ43J4ZVM79qpqAgEHpmli021vtUEty8KyzAFr+4qha8gG8J10FfKcGpePcnFBqZO17UleaYyzpDFOQ3eK8bl2Zhc5qPLbyDmD8cSEkeLNtu08uPU55hVP4DP11+OxuVDf0RlT6S9hbvEEen91H51VKqp68lo3bWY4GGpnf6iN91XNJ9fpx5NTxJRLbubLtgLW7Oulp72dKE7G1tVTlu8hJ+CjPR47PBPHIJlKYSl23H7ve33LxHnivAjgO7l1hQtLncwvcdIazfCrhjCP746wtCnOpRUuZhY6KXJrFLlP3XXSGG7n6X2vU+Et5EtTP4hDO/4eNyoKH90UovAjV+Cef+FJnzOcjvP3g2/y5O6lvD2wqOLLLWHh9bdyYSrMU/d/m5Lxc7h44QxKgxkm1laxuakZI5PByqQIRRPo3lLKSnLO/A0S55XzdlRJU6DMq3PXnBxevL6ED1V7eWRHlJueb+PeDX20Rg3CaZPMCeadmpbJX/auIG1m+Pzk958wfO+koKAop/gHxw2+aRqk4mHat73Kw8ujXHvDtVw0eTT+nDwWXXUF3bu20BeJEO1spj0EJTMuY3zheff7KM7QsPiEVUXh2ko3l5S72NOX5rHdEWY91kRtUOc7c3OZUejA8a7l+q2xbrZ276M+byxV/nPbzW8Zaboad/HKM0+wOlTBXd//JrWjCrEpoDj8FIy/lO98cBs/ue9BtHAzZZMu4Es3Xzk8PhxxUsPmM7ZrCnZNYWKenS97g1xb5aGhK8Xda3tBgcsr3NxU46HA1d+G29Z9AE3RmFlYi36Kdt3ZUlQVuyefC67/BPNtPgpyfThs+pEbcXiCzLvhM4ztiRJNQWFBHsGA8+RPKoaFYRPAIxyaQvHhNmB9Xn/P6eq2JFu6krzeEmdyvp1rKj2sbNlJiSePCl/huS+UohHILyRwoptVDXdOMZXS5Btxhl0Aj1CAgF1lQYmTmYUOGrpTvNIYZ117igOhPjZ07uGS8vEYlpz4K7Jn2AbwnRyawvQCB9PyHfSlTH69Ncz+cCFbu3N5el+GeSVJyjwaJR5ddnYTx2UaBplkEsXp6l/Dah1eHmaBoqjY9LebMZZpYpoGhmkBCrquo6gn2E1i0F7BEKAc3jrjq9MCPHfdnXx28hyWNqe47cV2vrumh719aXqSJikjOyv2xSCyLKxkEiudBvNkqywtjEyKnvYW1rz6Gs2JDBkLjEyC7vYW9uzcwdZdB4kmM5iHZ04Y6QQdrU3s3LaNfY0thFMnXlAwogL4TgqwqMzFw5cV8sy1xVR4dS56spkr/trC3w/FSQyRjaTEuWHGYoSeepLIC3/D6O3hhAnJRNmzfgn/892vc/uXf8i+vgQZC3Sbi6DXRve2v/GpD17PL17YQV8sA4Bud2GlErz6h9/T7irEbtNPuIhgxAYQwKYqeGwqVX6dOyf5efZ9xXyx3s9D28Pc8Fwr31nTQ1MkI7XhMKTY7Tgn1dPzwH00ffKjtP/HvxFd/hqWkTn6jpqLURNmct2HrybHSsJb3wYFm8dHYXUNxR6LB7/9zyzdeohQ0gRFwWZz4Hb68QXtaCdJ2YhoA56KTVXId2rkOzVqAjYm5NpZ256koTvNV5d3MdqnM807msW6C7dxim2RTBPLtPo/J9OEU91fZIeiYBtViRmJkm48SLrxEPH163BOnoJjwkS8l1yOll+Aous43R5ycvNwakdPslBUFYcvj7qL3s/4plU88JNfEfzancyfVAWKgqrpqKeo4iSA7+Kzq8wodFCfZ2dfKMPLTXFWtyZ5aMZNWK+uZ9aKZQSSkRM+PmGm0K0eCpQOom/eS4dN5nMOXRZmtP+zNMNhUju2kd69k9jSVzBDIfzX34heWgYnnN8Equ7EXzyOm2+cxn985z7+9MTz5PlvpPg0h5YlgCdg1/oXCdfm2PjkeIvvqTN5ZOUm0i1ruUDtwWM7/k+brkC9zUGhpxJvNIMZ7RnkkovTYVkWmAZmLNp/paJpaD4/enExtqqx2CurUDynN0Sl2exUzrqWL96+n3sefpE/PBnko5dOPq3HSgBPQQGcmsJ/LK7g6w4Pz0dnUTM5wOxC50mv7ccOWgnFe2EZBkZHO/G1azDDIfT8QtwXLST48U9hKys/w2frryHn3/hp9u87wB+WPMHDQGXm1HvYjehOmJOyrP6xHMPAtCxUReEbM3Mocet8b00vhyKZUz/HuSyeaWKY5pDbzft8YSWTxFauwD5mLMX3/JSKx/6X/H/6V2ylpe/9SVUvN97+Ra6alstTP7ubl7b2nHJNp9SAx7Bo2bGKF15eTXvGw5hiN1tXv0H5wpu5ckE9d07088DWEP+8oov7FueT49DOap+aMy9emr7eNp569k3G+JO46y+muqwAv11mEJwJ1enEc9Ei3PMWoAYCqE4XJ96X0gIOjw2/K1CWZWK+NY6o4AhWcN2Hb6WtuYsn1h/kVCPKUgO+y65Vz/DbPz5HNFjHNZctYu7cBVz/gffTteL3PPrsa6QjYW6p9eKxqdz1Rg89yYHbte10JMPdNK55ng6tgPICJ88vWUdz51Db1fs8oKpoefnoxSWoLvdJwpehp62RhrVv0p3sY9Vra2nvi2IYKdoP7GbVSy+yeu0a3tx2gFgyjaLZKR47lY986k4unVx+1OLu4xZj4F/ZecoyMKONPHr/fewyKpg3bxYTx1VTXjGaKXMXccncapb978MsW7uDMp+NL0z2s7svzW+2hWmPD97JSsloH/u278RbUEZeQZCefbtp7z5xr6w4WwqazUPZ2Ln8y39+nZmj8nFpSv/eQg4fFdVzuPXGhQR97rcybHMHqJw4jy998aOU6MpJpzfKJehhZiZF766VPPVmO9deXEVZUe5Rt4+fMhOl96+sfmMNVy6eybgcO1+eGuCH6/sodmtcNdr93jaJOswyTRKxCAkDHA4nbqcdyzLJJGP0RVK4PB6czv5DIRRAVRUsS44IP/c0/HllTL+gjOkXHH1LbkkVc0uqmHucR7kDAapnzDzls0sADzMyGfZt30rIclGQ58HtPPpny5lXQIHToKmxka6uKFWBIJdWuGmPGfxhZxSHpnJNpRu3fmZtMcs0SKcStLd10Na0l464jbF1Exhb4icZ7WHn1q1s299FYcVY6ifV4HH6qKwew87uDnpcvQQrx5AbkBUd5yu5BD3MsiySqSSWohz3HETFrmPTVDAymIdnt2gK3FLn44pRLh7eEWZpU/yML0VT0W62vfIQH//qT/BUTuaSxQuoLssl1t3E64/+mF+sinHZVRfT+PJv+eOTzxN2FlA2+3oc+5fy9Kr9XHfFNKrLggPyHojBJwE8TNM0ysoqsGUSdIcTJN81GduMRAinwJdfiD/w9pnymgK3jfMxt9jJQ9sjrGpJnPbfzETb2bjsGb75wGa+9b2vMrogiK6qKGQ4tG87Dz+1hosvXoDL5WfavEns37yOpRv24wsUcMvtn+Ajt32CcaUFOAa1G1YMJAngYarNTvHkC5heAgd3HaSjK3rU7a379tDnzGfilEmUBo7ewCnXoXJLrZe6HBs/3thHQ1eKzCkbZxaHdm7kL0/+jfI5F1Ob5yCVSpMxTMxEL217G9je7mRspR9d18grHEU60srajXvRdJ1gbj75+Tk4bLqcF3EekwAepqg6joI67vzsh0jsXsO6zTvojaVIpxLEug/x0suvUzblMq5aNB2f49iv/Civzk01Hvx2lXs39tESM05+prsRZfvGtazZ2UauLcLKJc9wz93f57kVm2hq6aCnuYWwnkuuW0FVwel0Y2VSdDQ3n8N3QQw2CeBbFMDO/Gs/wQcun07X9jVsaNjOju1b2bBuNQesWu647RomVZUct8bp3w3bxpenBmiOGvy6IUxH3MQ4QQatRC9NhxrpTQaomzyFBRcuwNu3mQfu/x1vbGsimUpj2R3YlcMTnRSlf9A3k90ZOGJgSS/ou2juAq69+ZMkIz00HtxPc2+a0dOu5F8vdp/yOG1dVagO2Pj+vFw+uaSDUo/GjWM95LmO3STYSiVJJsBXUsvChdPI0+GDH/4Ar/730+zec5AJHheaEeZIUzSTTmOh4PDI6orhRAJ4Ag5vDmPHBxkDZ3RuoF1TmJBr454Lcvnqii7smsIttV7s7xqNVZxO3D4PDivBkTm7hYVleN0udK+P3LxRBKNb6UpAsQdisS4Um4vyylED+CpFtskl6Mkc3u36TGmqwuwiJ1+bFuTp/TEe3RU55lJUcRQybnwtJe52GrZ3gAW9vb0UjqqlduJUyirrmTXOYv2GFtKpDM17duApGMvCmWd3VJoYWrS77rrrrmwXYrhR6F9lX+zRiKZNljUncGoKNUHb25eiioY/J4gr08NLS9eSSnWzau0Oxs2/jAunjCUvJ0hxro1XX1pBKnSQ9bv6qL/ocuZOrMR1grWI4vyjWLKe5Zw6GM7w+O4Iq1qTfGXau9YRmmm6OlrZtGYNGacfm6+YCdUVFOT6USyDeDTEhjfeIJo2CYyqY1RJMUU5MutlOJEADoJdvf2Ttg+EM9w1O4fRPv2YNqEYmeRaZhDUBG3cMdGPacFPNvWPEZ56oF6MBBLAQVLp0/l/F+axtDnB7w4vYRJCAjhIFAXynCq/v7SQFw/FeWJ3lK6EhHCkkwAOIl1VGJ9r4+szgrzWnOCJ3VEi6VNv3COGLxmIH0RHhicWljlpixm8dChOvkvjfVVu7LKiYUSSAGaB16byvio3sYzJIzsiFLhU5he70OV6ZMSRjzxLClwa14/xMKfIwQ/W9rKrL03qRDO3xbAlAcyiCq/OzbVeqgM2vrqsk5ZoRvZ4GWEkgFlW6tH4yrQgAYfKD9b1sjeUltOYRhAJYJbpqkKpR+PfZ+XQmTD5084I+0PpbBdLDBIJ4BBgUxUm5tr5XL2fhu40T+2N0RqTMcKRQHpBh5ALS110JUwe2xXBb1f5YHX/Fhdi+JIADiGaAlePdtOTMHhid4Rit8Zlo1zo6rHbJIrhQQI4xLh0hQ9We0mb8G+ruhntL6Q2aMMmA/XDklzfDEF+u8r1Y9x8pMbDx19s52A4I6snhilZDzhEpU2L5qjBvRt66UqYfH1GkLoc+0kP+hDnH6kBhyibqlDi0fhsfQBNgUd2RNjVmxrUo9DEuScBHMLsav8+Mp+p97M3lOYve6NZP5lXDCwJ4BCnAHOKnHxsnI+GrjSP747QnZAlTMOFBPA8cdVoN1dXunm1KcFf90WlU2aYkGGI88h1VR40Be7d2EehS+OSChcO6ZU5r0kAzyNum8KiMhehlMn31vaS61SZku/AdYaHgoqhQy5BzyMKkOfSuKbSw+IyJ/ds6GN7T4qkrCM8b0kAzzOaAgUulc/VB/DbVX7ZEGJ3b1rahOcpCeB5SFcVitwaX5sWoCdh8oedEZqihizmPQ9JAM9TqgJ1OXa+Nj3I3lCaXzWECMsOa+cdCeB5bkq+nU9N8LO9J80vNofkUvQ8I72g5zldVZhT5CCa9vLrrWFynSq31flwSs/oeUECOAz47CoLSpxE0haP7IhQ5NZZVOaUxbznAQngMJHv0rh8lIumSIYHt4YodKlMyrPjlbMEhzT5dIaRfKfGP0zyU+HT+cWWENt70jJGOMRJAIcRRelfzPvtObkkDYvfbw+zPyR7jQ5lEsBhRlEg6FD5/rw8OhImP93UJ6cwDWESwGFIAUq9Gv842U80Y/GDdb1EUqZs+DsESQCHKbuqMDHPzk01HpoiBr9oCBFLm7KifoiRXtBhzGtTmV3kJGPCzzb3UerRuXq0m4BDlW0OhwgJ4DCX41CZW+ygI+7lgYYQxW6NmYUOGSMcIliPd/oAAAY2SURBVORTGAHynBofrPZwUZmL/9nYx8bOlByFNkTItoQjhAWkDIv/s6yLSNrkC5P9zC5yZrtYI57UgCOEAjg0hX+dGcRjU/nNtgjbe+QUpmyTAI4wZR6dOyf60RS4f0ufbHOYZRLAEUZVYGKujQ9Ve+hImDy0LUxP0kSahNkhvaAjkF1TmFnkxAS+v6aXIrfGB8Z6CThU5AyYwSU14Ajl0RVmFjj40pQAP94UYllznEhaZssMNgngCOazqywqc/KVqQHuXtfLqtYkGbkWHVRyCTrCuXWVD4z10B03uH9LCE2BReUuOYVpkEgARzj18BKmD9d66UmZPLY7gtemMLvYKdPVBoFcggoAKrw6t9b58NtVHtoeYXt3KttFGhEkgOItdTk2PlLjJW5YPLA1TFvMkOGJc0wCKN6iAFMLHNwx0cfW7hQPbQ/TnZAQnksSQHEUTYHpBQ6+NSeXR3dFeHx3lG5ZUX/OyGRscQwLSGQs9obSfGlpJ9eN8fDhai8lHi3bRRt2pAYUx1AAp65QG7Rx+wQ/LxyMs6IlQTwjv9UDTYYhxHEpgE1VuGyUi8ZIhpcOxQg6VOaXOHHLrtsDRmpAcVKFLo1b67yMDdh4cGuIzZ1J2eZwAEkAxSmVeXWurnRT4tH52eYQLbGM9IwOEAmgOC0Tc+3cVuclZVh8640ewrLN4YCQAIrTNj7Xzjdm5bA3lOanm/poj/UPT7TFMqxuTWS5dOcnCaA4bQ5NYYxf599m5rC0KcGz+2Ps7E3z3P4YP9scIi2NwzMm44DijFhA0rB4fFeEP++JUunTWdmWJJwy+fNVRdTm2GUlxRmQGlCcGQssC2YXObFrCr/eFmZ9R4q+lMmq1iSG1IJnRAIozkjastjTl+bBbSHeaEsSy1ikTYtw2uKlxjhyTP2ZkQCKM5IyLPaE0jR0pwml+tOmANG0yWvNccJpU8YJz4C0AcUZMa3+EEYzJpu7Ujy4NcwrTXGaIgZeu8qDFxdw5WiXnMx7miSA4j2LZSw64gY7elL87UCcJY1xLip18u+zcih2y8Tt0yEBFGctaVi0xw02daZojxu8f4yHoENqwNMhARQDxrIgmjFxkCGTzmCpGg67HU1VsEwT07IABUVVUJW3xyqO3GYBiqKgqiPn+DRZDSEGjIKF04jR0nSAbdv3kHHkUFdXQ2lxAWomRndXF73hJN6cPArzc3Ho/bVkOhGmra2DtKXhDuSSnxNAHyEVqARQDBjTSNPa8BLfuPt3tHR10dEVIq/2Qu7+4bepdYfZuOx/+fEvnqRg5vv4xr98jtpCLwqQiPTwyp9+wtrePN53821cEPCjj5AturW77rrrrmwXQgwP6Uyapa+s5PpPf56P3XYrs8YE2PbmMnYYFVy7oJ7KmkpaN63i1ddWcTDh44LZ9bh0BZvLhxXvwlVYzcz5MwjaR84l6Aip6MVg0HU7C664jrHlpeTn5VM7YTLzxxXS3RNFUTUcLhcFlVO5YNY4Wlc9yf1PLiNlgaJq2OwO7HY7Nps2YsIHEkAxgFRVpaCoCIfNhoKCBdgcHqbVj0E53Oli9+Qya/E1XDe/kpcfuZ+/vL6bWGLknlMoARTnhJmO0d3ZRbutmitm16CqR75qKgXl1Vx2w0eYVZLkgZ//ii0HOoglR+Y5hRJAMfAsg3B3G7sPdTPj8qupL/UedeyZojspHTOBO7/0D7j2Ps8vH3mW/W29I3I5kwRQDDCLdLyPlcvXYC8ex8Wzx6OYR1bPvx0wzeGjtGYe3/u/n2brs7/hz0vW0hUdebWgBFAMHMvCSvbx2t//jr18PPNnT0ZLxWjd1UBL3CRjgYXFkbkfutND3SW38/VbZ7Bv/SZ2NXVl+QUMPhkHFAPDMkhGuvnzz7/D/c+sQ7E7cbucqJodd8U8fvHf1XQc3MeuHdsJ51TTNWk0eX43ut3Dopu/yI69CQg4s/0qBp0EUAwQBU3XqJh0EXeWziBlHF6qpDkIlo3DZ1PJ6AEWXns1rmABqvr2ZO1A0Rhu+szn6cONeySNQSBzQcUQYRkGlqKAqo6odpEEUIgsGkk/NkIMORJAIbJIAihEFkkAhcgiCaAQWSQBFCKLJIBCZJEEUIgskgAKkUUSQCGy6P8DQWC48z/twwYAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
physics-General
physics-
Consider a process shown in the figure. During this process the work done by the system
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Consider a process shown in the figure. During this process the work done by the system
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
The P-V diagram of a system undergoing thermodynamic transformation is shown in figure. The work done by the system in going from
is 30J and 40J heat is given to the system. The change in internal energy between A and C is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
The P-V diagram of a system undergoing thermodynamic transformation is shown in figure. The work done by the system in going from
is 30J and 40J heat is given to the system. The change in internal energy between A and C is
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAMsAAACWCAYAAABw63waAAAGhElEQVR4nO3dsU8TbxzH8c8R/4C6EkIqxy6shpjDwXaUDZ1wMWknXGQxoQNLG5PWRUfrVLYyCgONQPgruEvTf6D3Hzy/QalUKn5p/fXh6PuVXEIvHjwpefPc1d7TwDnnBOCv5nwPAMgKYgGMiAUwIhbAiFgAI2IBjCaKpdvt/qtxAHfe2LGkaar19fV/ORbgTpuTpFqtpiAIhrYkSW48sNFoqNvtqlKpTGWggG+Bc84Vi0U9e/ZM7969kySVy2UdHR3p4uJi5EFpmurRo0dK01S5XE79fn+aYwa8mJOki4sLPXnyZLDz6dOnNx7UaDQGX6dpyuyCmTCXJIniONb8/Pxg58nJiZaXl0cekKapvn79qi9fvkiSOp2OPn78OJXBAl61Wi0XhqG71Gq1nCR3enrqRqnX667dbrufb8B0zjnX6XTc7u7uyH8P3BcPer2e4jhWEASDgOI41tLS0si4VlZWFEXR0L4oipTL5f7HpAH/gkKh4K5e3N/q4CCQ4x3+mBGBfpxyaW1t7fYHEwtmyJykoYt7AKM9YGYAbHgjJWBELIARsQBGxAIYEQtgRCyAEbEARsQCGBELYEQsgBGxAEbEkjFJklxbXATTQSwZsr+/rzAM1Wq15JyTc06lUkm1Ws330GZC4CZ42zH3s0xPkiSDUDY3N30PZyYRS0b8bXkq/P84DcuIo6MjPX/+3PcwZhqxZEQcx8rn876HMdOIBTAilowolUra2dkZWoO6WCzq7OzM46hmCxf4GVIsFnV4eDh4zCtj00UsgBGnYYARsWQEb23xj1gAI2IBjIgFMCIWwIhYACNiAYyIBTAiFsCIWAAjYgGMiAUwIhbAiFgAI2IBjIgFMCIWwIhYACNiAYyIBTAiFsCIWAAjYgGMiAUwIhbAiFgAI2IBjIgFMCIWwIhYACNiAYyIBTAiFsCIWAAjYsmYSqXiewgziw9gzYA0TfXw4UNJUi6XU7/f9zyi2cTMkgGNRmPwdZqmzC6eMLPccWmaanV1Vd1uV5LU6XS0sbHB7OIBM8sd12w2Va/XB4+jKFK73WZ28eCB7wHgZisrK4qiaGhfFEXK5XKeRjS7OA3LiCAIJInn2yNOwwAjYgGMiAUwIhbAiFgAI2IBjIgFMCIWwIhYACNiAYyIBTAiFsCIWAAjYgGMiAUwIhbAiFgAI2IBjIgFMCIWwIhYACNiAYzuRCy1Wk1BEGh/f9/3UMzSNPU9BEzZnYhlZ2dHYRjq5OTE91DMcrmcGo2Gms2m76FI+vUH5+p2dnbme1j3ivdYyuWyCoWC3rx5oyRJfA/nVra3t/X9+3etrq56j+b4+FjValXOOTnnVCqVtLe353VM946bwISHu9PTUyfJxXHsWq3WyO8nie3K9idhGLrT09PB42q16gqFwkS/HwzzGkuhUHDVatU551wcx4Nwfv8ZbD+2V69ejXweL5+73x9fjQeT8xbLqJkkq7/gra0tJ8lFUeTq9brr9/tT/fmXz+XV7fKPEP4db6vov3z5UtKvBa8vnZ+fa21tzceQxvL69Wt1u13V63VtbW15Wd2+1+upVCrp06dPg31BEGhxcVGbm5tTH8995eUCv1arqVAoDC5G3ZWL0ssP7cmCZrOpx48fq91ua3t729vHQBwfHyufzw/tC8NQvV7Py3jurUmmpXEOv+l8ulqtujAMJxnS1PT7/amfbv3J789ntVqd+HoS1/H5LBmXJInCMLy2n9/Lv0csgJH3/5QEsoJYACNiAYyIBTAiFsCIWAAjYgGMiAUwIhbAiFgAI2IBjIgFM6dWq6lcLl/bnyTJjQt9EAtmzuLioo6Ojq7t//Dhg0ql0h9vPvR2pyQwjm63e+1Gt9taWFhQHMdD+87OzvT58+cb30XPzIJMyefzqlQqOjg4GPt7zM/PS9LQ0lt7e3uqVqs3HzjJnWMTHg6MLYoiF0WRa7fbYx1/demoVqtlukOXmQWZ1Ol0JEkbGxtaX1+/9UyzvLys8/NzSdL79+9NiyROfKckcFfs7u6aFw65fDUsn8/r+PhY3759+/sPGGsO++muLNiA2dPv94fWa7vt6Vir1XKFQmHkwo5/MtGrYb6W/sFsS9NUb9++VbfbVbvd1osXL279PRYWFnR4eKhSqaSlpSXTMROdhgHTlqapDg4OlMvlxopkEsQCGPFqGGBELIARsQBGxAIYEQtgRCyAEbEARsQCGBELYEQsgBGxAEbEAhgRC2D0HwfRtoYKAUOIAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
physics-General
physics-
An ideal gas is taken from point A to the point B, as shown in the P-V diagram, keeping the temperature constant. The work done in the process is
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAOMAAAC3CAYAAADgkemtAAAM4ElEQVR4nO3dT2hiRxwH8K/L3mMopFBKMH8Oe6tpaw7L/nFz0UIOe4vQy7Y3pYcWym4pQlNID5EtsZfN5hRLIQo9mIUtqx40SySHhm6SWw7RBikLhi6+UOh1elhi1Tz1qU9n5uX7AaE+M29/O/W7M/Oc+FxCCAEiku6a7AKI6C2GkUgRDCORIhhGIkUwjESKYBiJFDHUMJ6eng7z9ESOMrQwGoaBe/fuDev0RI4ztDDG43Gcnp5ieXl5WH8EkaO4zHbgRCIRrK+vNx3rZaOOYRiYmpqCYRhwu92o1WqDV0rkcKYjYy6XQzKZhBACQggEAgEEg0HLJ43H4/X/NgyDoyORBaZhLJVKmJ+frz9fWFiwfELDMPDzzz9jc3MTAFAoFPDTTz8NWCaR810KY7FYBABMT0/Xj+Xz+abnnSQSCaytreH+/fsAAL/fj3Q6zdGRqIvrrQf29vYQCATqz2OxGLLZLEqlkqUTer1e+P3+pmN+vx9ut3vAUomc7dIFnEEv3jSd3OXquy3RVXNpmtp68YZhIhqNpjCWy+VLF2+IaDSawvj69WsAsHyxhojsY/qhv20n55qRyDL+1gaRIhhGIkUwjESKYBiJFMEwEimCYSRSBMNIpAiGkUgRDCORIhhGIkUwjESKYBiJFMEwEimCYSRSBMNIpAiGkUgRDCORIhhGIkUwjESKYBiJFMEwEimCYSRSBMNIpAiGkUgRDCORIhhGIkUwjESKYBiJFMEwEimCYdRMJBKBy+VCsViUXQrZjGHUSLlcxvr6OmZmZrC3tye7HLIZ78+okWAw2HQj2ydPnkishuzGkVETqVQK2WwWT548gcfjQS6Xk10S2Yxh1EQ0GkUymQQA3Lx5E6VSSXJFZDeGUQOxWAwAEAqFAADvvfcegLdrSHKO67ILoM7K5TIePXoE4O0avNHvv//etIYkvV27uFTe+CB1PH78GOFwGEKIpkcgEEClUpFdHtnoWi6XQzKZbPqfHAwGZddFAIrFItbX1/H1119fem16ehr5fF5CVTQsLgCiVCrVpzuxWAz5fB6ZTGbwk/OjDSLLrgFoWnfk83muQ4gkuB4IBOpPYrEYstksL5sTSeAC0DSPbJ1WFotFbG1t9bXbg9NUIuuuNV68MQvO1tYW9vf3JZRGZn777TecnZ3JLoOG4Nr8/HzbF1OpFO7cuQOfz9f3B8yNH5ns7OzUj4+Pj9eP37t3r348Ho9bajM3N9e2zfb2dv21qakp0zaJRMJSm6mpqbZtEolE1zbb29tt28zNzVlqE4/HAQCffvopFhcXsbi4yEA6UMeN4sFgEJlMBrFYDDdv3sStW7d6OzmnqbZyuVzw+XzY39+Hz+fD8+fPMTExIbsssknbMMZiMZyfn2NsbAynp6fweDx4+PBhbydnGG3lcrlQrVaxuLjIQDqRMPH333+LpaWl+vPDw0MRDofNfrSjNqenPl30Z7VaFT6fTwAQPp9PVKtVyZWRHfj7jBrZ2dmB3+8HAJydnXGEdBiGUWMMpLPwV6g0NjExgefPn9cv6vAqq94YRo2Mj49fOsZAOgenqRrp1J+csuqPI6NDcITUH8OokYsrqe0wkHrjNNWBOGXVE0dGB+IIqSeGUSMXG8atYCD1w2mqRvrpT05Z9cGR0eE4QuqDYbwCGEg9MIwaKRQKfbdlINXHNeMVwzWkujgyXjEcIdXFMGrEbKN4PxhINXGaqhG7+5NTVrVwZLzCOEKqhWHUiNfrtf2cDKQ6OE0lAM1T1hs3buDly5ecso4Yw0h1Z2dnuHv3Lo6PjxlICThN1UgvG8X7MTExgZcvX+LGjRs4Pj7G3bt3OWUdIY6MGhlVf3KElIMjI13CEVIOhpFMMZCjxzBqJJ1Oj/TPYyBHi2tG6opryNHgyEhddRoht7e3YRiG5AqdgWHUSOMNVUetWyBpcAyjRk5PT6X++WaBPD8/x7Nnz6TW5RRcM2pElf5sXEO+++67qFarqNVqcLvdskvTGkdGjQxjo3gvDMPA9vY29vb28M0339SDCAC//PKL1NqcgCMj9Swej+PZs2fY2dmpHxsfH8fx8TGvsg6AYaSBrKysIBaL4Z9//sGHH36IFy9eMJB94jRVI4lEQnYJl0SjUZycnMDn8+HVq1f8fcgBcGTUiMr9ya/wGBxHRrIFvzFgcAwj2YaBHAzDqJFRbxTvBwPZP64ZaSi4huwdR0YaCo6QvWMYNSJzo3g/GMjecJqqEV37k1NWazgy0tBxhLSGYdSIx+ORXULfGMjuOE2lkeKUtT2OjDRSHCHbYxg1ouJG8X4wkOY4TdWI0/qTU9ZmHBlJGo6QzRhGkoqB/B/DqJHNzU3ZJQwFA/kW14ykjKu+huTISMq46iNk2zBGIhG4XK6mB8ml20bxfgwjkGbv5XK5bFPF9mkbxlwuh2QyCSEEhBAIBAIIBoOjrI1ayP5G8VGxO5Bm7+XHjx/bWLE92oaxVCphfn6+/nxhYWEkBREB9gay9b08PT1tV5n2EiZ2d3dF60uBQECEw2GzH2+rzempTx6PR3YJI1etVoXP5xMAhM/nE9Vqtaf2u7u7YmZmpuk5AFEqlewudWCmaVldXRWBQKDpeT9/AYaR7DBIIC/eu42PZDI5xGr7Z5qWcDh86S/Q6OnTpyIQCIilpSVxeHjY/uQMI9mk30CGw2Gxurpaf14qlQQAsbu7O6xS+2a6Zmxd8IqWzwrT6TQymQy++OILZLPZIUyeycxVvg9i6xry33//tdQul8thcnKy/vxivfjXX38Npc6BtKbz4l+OTlPSjz/+WOzu7opvv/22478waBldC4VC/TW3210/7vf768fX1tYstfF6vW3bpNPp+msej8e0zebmpqU2jeu01jabm5td26TT6bZtvF6vpTZra2v1/mxs43a7620KhYJpGyGE8Pv9ltp89913pm0a3yad2ty/f9+0zcHBgeU2tVrNtM2XX34phHg7Qn7++efCCrP3cjgcblpDquTSDpxisYjbt2+33TlzdHSER48eYWFhAfl8HtFoFLdu3TL9We7AsRf7szcX7+VGMzMzODk5kVRRZz1vh0ulUgCAUCiEjY0NjI2NIRQKmZ+cbx5bsT//t7y8jOXlZdll2Krn7XCVSgU//vgjgsEgKpVK2yCS/Zy6Ubwf33//vewSbMeN4qQlJ763uFGcSBEMo0bm5uZkl6CMQqEguwTbcZqqEfans3FkJFIEw6gRnb9R3G7j4+OyS7Adp6mkJSe+tzgyEimCYdTIVd4o3srv98suwXacpmqE/elsHBmJFMEwkpbi8bjsEmzHMGpkbW1NdgnK+Oqrr2SXYDuuGUlLTnxvcWQkUgTDqBFuFP8fN4r3enIHTiVkYn86G0dGIkUwjBpxu92yS1CGEzeKWw5jsVjU4k4+Tlar1WSXoAzDMGSX0FEkEkEsFrt0/CJHZtmxFMZIJILbt2+jVCrVv9R4dXUVMzMzDCQ5nmEYiMfjPd0FzOPxIJ/PXzq+srKC1dVV85vvdPti1U43CkGX+xZYOD31oPELna+6xi+kHoVarSa8Xq948OCB+PPPP7v+fDKZvPRlyWbHGnVNS6e7T83MzDCMI8T+lOsikAC6htLsTm5d89KtAHS4SUin14QQ4sGDB5e+4p8PPpz0aLxdg1k+LmaUrXd26zmMne67kUwmBcB/qenqqNVq9XuD+P1+cXBw0PHnG0fCdjlqdB19ikajWF1d7bc5kVYMw8Bnn30GwzBwcHAAr9fbtc3s7CwqlQoikQjC4XDXOyZ33YEzOzuL2dlZZDKZpmMAlL2BCJGdDMNAIpGA3++3FMILsVgM+Xwe2WzW2s4pK8MzWubJjTefJCJzF0s5q3kZ6t5UIrKO2+GIFMEwEimCYSRSBMOosH42GzuZ0/uDYVRYX5uNHczp/dH3h/40fJOTk5c+y02lUjg5OWn63PeqcHp/cGRU2Pvvv49SqdR0LBqNYmVlRVJFcjm9P/g5o+JcLhdKpRKmp6frOzqcMAr0y9H9McQNCGQDK5uNd3d32/6am9N064+nT5+KQCAglpaWxOHhoYwS+8Y1o+KsbDbe2trC/v6+hOpGr1t/pNNpZDIZFItFZLNZfPDBB5Iq7R3DqLiFhYWOm41TqRTu3LkDACiXy9pfUeymW3+8efMGxWIRL168wCeffCKhwv7xAo7iJicnkc1m2/66WiKRQCgUgsfjwevXr0dc3eh16o+joyO888472Nvbwx9//CGhusHwAo7GYrEYzs/PMTY2htPTU3g8Hjx8+FB2WdKkUikAQCgUwsbGBsbGxhAKhSRXZR2nqZp68+YNXr16VX8DHh0dYWNjQ3JVclUqFfz6669IJBL46KOP8MMPP8guqSccGYkUwTUjkSIYRiJFMIxEimAYiRTBMBIpgmEkUsR/C8DmQNiZhBMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
An ideal gas is taken from point A to the point B, as shown in the P-V diagram, keeping the temperature constant. The work done in the process is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
An ideal gas is taken around ABCA as shown in the above P-V diagram. The work done during a cycle is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
An ideal gas is taken around ABCA as shown in the above P-V diagram. The work done during a cycle is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
For one complete cycle of a thermodynamic process on a gas as shown in the P-V diagram, Which of following is correct
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
For one complete cycle of a thermodynamic process on a gas as shown in the P-V diagram, Which of following is correct
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
When a system is taken from state i to a state f along path if,
and
Along path ibf,
If
for the curved return path f i, Q for this path is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
When a system is taken from state i to a state f along path if,
and
Along path ibf,
If
for the curved return path f i, Q for this path is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General