Motion and Velocity – Explanation with Examples
In this article, we’ll learn about motion and velocity with examples. Let’s begin
Dimensions of Motion
The motion of a body is divided into different dimensions.
- One-dimensional (linear motion)
- Two-dimensional (plane motion)
- Three-dimensional (motion in space)
One-Dimensional Motion
One-dimensional motion is defined as the motion in which a body is along one axis.
Example:
Let us consider body A, which moves in the positive x-direction and back in the negative x-direction. Here the body is moving only in one dimension, i.e., the axis, or moving in one line. Hence, the motion is called linear or one-dimensional motion.
Two-Dimensional Motion
In two-dimensional motion, the body has motion in the x-axis and the y-axis, or we can say the body has moved in a plane (x-y axis).
Example:
Consider a ball thrown in the air moving to a certain distance and reaching some height. Here, the ball has moved in the x-axis and y-axis; hence it has motion in a plane.
Three-Dimensional Motion
In three-dimensional motion, the body has moved in the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis; we can say the body has motion in space.
Example:
Let us consider a can filled with gas particles. Here, the gas particles can move in any direction in space. Hence the motion is in space.
Velocity
Let us consider a body A which has moved from one place to another, and now velocity is defined as the rate of change of displacement or change in displacement of a body concerning change in time.
Therefore,
Note: Velocity is a vector quantity. Hence, the direction of the velocity is in the direction of motion.
Average Speed
The total distance traveled by the body with respect to total time is called average speed.
Average Velocity
The total displacement of the body with respect to total time is called average velocity.
Instantaneous Velocity
The velocity at an instant is said to be instantaneous velocity.
Let us consider a body having velocity v, the velocity at an instant is given by,
Where r represents the position vector.
Instantaneous velocity has direction.
Instantaneous Speed
The magnitude of the instantaneous velocity at an instant of time is called instantaneous speed.
Instantaneous speed 
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