Evaporation, Condensation and Sublimation: Explanation and Application

Evaporation, Condensation and Sublimation

Introduction and Explanation:

Evaporation:

Your body feels a little bit colder after applying the scent. The same holds true for water and acetone. This is a result of evaporation, which is the transformation of materials from a liquid to a gas. The rate at which the cooling is experienced is the only difference. With acetone, the area of your body closest to the liquid will cool the most quickly. This occurs because acetone evaporates more quickly than water or scent.

A type of vaporization called evaporation includes the passage of liquid particles into the gaseous phase and typically takes place on the surface of liquids. As a result, it is claimed that this process involves a change in the matter state of liquids.

The substance that is evaporating must not saturate the surrounding gas. Depending on how they collide, the liquid’s molecules either give or take energy when they come together.

In most cases, when a molecule close to the surface expends enough energy to exceed the vapor pressure, the liquid particles will normally escape and enter the surrounding air as a gas.

Application:

To keep our bodies cool, we perspire. Evaporation is what perspiration basically is. Our body’s water evaporates, using energy in the process and lowering our body temperature as a result.

Condensation:

When gases cool, their particles slow down and come closer together. At the condensing point, the particles stop flying apart. They form droplets and the gas changes to a liquid. The condensing point of a substance is the same as the boiling point.

When water transitions from a gaseous state to a liquid or crystal state, condensation takes place. Any gas can condense at high pressure and low temperature. In theory, condensation can occur at any temperature if the pressure of the gas in its liquid state is lower than the pressure of the gas that is condensing.

Because heat energy is removed during the condensation process, the molecules in the matter slow down. This creates a shift in one of the three states of matter, turning the substance into a solid.

When the particles of liquids slow down and stop flowing, they have reached the freezing point. The freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid change to a solid. The freezing point of a substance is the same as the melting point.

A condensation reaction is the combination of two molecules to form a single molecule, usually with the loss of a small molecule such as water.

Application:

Clouds in the sky: These are formed when water gets cooled in the atmosphere. As the temperature gets lowered or less than the normal temperature, the water gets condensed.

Sublimation:

Some solids vaporize without melting in a process called sublimation. During sublimation, a solid change to a gas. Dry ice is an example of a substance that undergoes sublimation. At room temperature, dry ice changes to a gas. Sublimation is the process by which a substance changes from its solid to a gaseous state without converting into a liquid.

At a temperature and pressure below the substance’s triple point, this process, an endothermic phase transition, takes place. The opposite of this process, in which a gas is transformed straight into a solid state, is desublimation or deposition.

Application:

Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide. When dry ice is kept exposed to the air and to the atmospheric temperature, it directly changes its solid phase to the gaseous phase, which we can see in the form of fog. ​​

Naphthalene is one of the organic compounds. Naphthalene is used for pesticides, and it looks like a ball. This naphthalene is seen in the washbasins in hotels and restaurants and is white in color.​