Bt toxin is poisonous to insects and pests like the European corn borer.

Manipulating the arrangement of DNA that makes up a gene is called

Crops are modified to: 

___________ is the first genetically engineered medicine.  

What is the correct word to describe the entire genetic material of an organism?  

Insulin can be genetically engineered by: 

The section of DNA that codes for a protein is called:  

The theory that organisms acquire traits during their lifetime that help them adapt to their environment is called _____.

• The theory that organisms acquire traits during their lifetime helps them to adapt their environment is called the theory of acquired characteristics. 
• This theory was given by a scientist Lamarck. This is also called lamarckism.
• This theory was proved false as the changes acquired in life time are not at genetic level and can not be passed to the next generation.
• Only characteristics that helps organisms to adapt are found at genetic level. 

The changes that occur over long periods of time in the characteristics of an organism and enable diversity.

• Small but significant changes that occur with long period of time help the organisms to adapt.
• These changes makes the organism to survive in their environment.
• These gradual changes are passed to next generations and help the organism to evolve.
• The organism becomes different to the others. This is called diversity.
• This process is called evolution. 

Survival of the fittest and evolution were proposed by which scientist?

• Charles Darwin proposed survival of the fittest and evolution. 
• He was traveling through the Galapagos islands. He observes the organisms properly. 
• He noticed several varieties in organisms of different places.
• Based on his observations he proposed the concepts of natural selection, survival of the fittest, and evolution.
• These theories are related to each other and describe the process of development of a variety of organisms

A grizzly bear survives because he is well-adapted to his environment. When he reproduces, he passes the traits to his offspring, this process is called _____.

• Charles Darwin, first of all, suggested that animals of the same geographical area show varieties in their traits.
• These varieties help the animals to struggle and live in their environment.
• This is called adaptation.
• These varieties are developed at genetic level and when these animals reproduce these traits are passed to the next generation in form of genes.
• This is called natural selection.
• It helps the animals to evolve.

Which of the following is an example of selective breeding?

• Selective breeding is not a natural process but a human cause.
• In this process, animals do not breed randomly.
• So, in the given options giraffe's long neck is an example of natural selection.
•  Labrador retriever and poodle are two different breeds of dogs.
• Labrador dog is a breed of retriever gun dog while poodle is a breed of water dog.
• These both when crossed produce a mix called Labradoodle.
• So this is an example of selective breeding.

All farm animals were created by......

• Farm animals are created by artificial selection or selective breeding.
• Like chicks, goats, camels, and pigs are raised to get products of commercial use like milk or meat.
• So, farmers want phenotypic traits in these animals like more milk production and more meat mass. 
• To get such phenotypic traits in animals they are bred with selective animals and this is called artificial selection. 
• For example variety of dogs were developed from wild wolves. 

Why is artificial selection important to understand evolution?

GMO stands for _____.

• GMO stands for genetically modified organisms.
• Such organisms have genetic material which is slightly different than their actual form.
• Human for some desired phenotypic characteristics in an organism manipulates their genes  (DNA or RNA).
• This manipulation is done on a molecular level by adding or deleting the part of DNA or RNA (gene) or sometimes by changing the structure of the gene. 

Artificial selection decreases diversity. This is a disadvantage because:

• When selective breeding is performed in plants or animals since a long time. The organisms of a population will have lesser diversity and more similarity.
• All the organisms of the population will have same traits as selective breeding is performed for this purpose (to achieve desirable characters which are beneficial for human.
• So, this process does not support evolution. There will not be variety in organisms.
• Varieties in organisms are required for them evolve.
• These variations help them to adapt in the environment and survive.
• Similar traits in organisms leads to the extinction of them.
• Also, selective breeding causes several health-related problems in animals.