Genetic equilibrium refers to phenomenon that

The correct answer is: The total genes remains constant in a population

Hardy-Weinberg Principle
It was proposed by GH Hardy an English mathematician and W Weinberg a German physician independently in 1908

(i) It describes a theoretical situation in which a population is undergoing no evolutionary change. This is called genetic or Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

(ii) It can be expressed as or

(iii) Evolution occurs when the genetic equilibrium is up set (evolution is a departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle)

The sum of total of Allelic frequency

or

Where, homozygous dominant individuals

frequency of dominant allele

homozygous recessive individuals

frequency of recessive allele

heterozygous individuals

Realize that (three are only 2 alleles)

(these are the only genotypes)

Example An investigator has determined by the inspection that 16% of a human population has a recessive trait. Using this information, we can calculate all the genotypes and allele frequencies for the population, provided the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are met

Given are homozygous recessive individuals

Therefore,

frequency of recessive allele

frequency of dominant allele

or 36% are homozygous dominant individuals

are heterozygous individuals

Or



Thus, 84% (36+48) have the dominant phenotype