Genotype is referred to as the_________________

If a cross between homozygous tall (TT) and homozygous dwarf pea plant (tt) is carried out then, the offspring of the F1 generation will be:   

• Monohybrid cross between TT vs tt is as follows:

• Tt is heterozygous and represents tall offspring

Which branch of biology focuses on the study of inheritance?

• Inheritance is the transmission of genes down to future generations
• Laws of inheritance were proposed by Mendel
• Laws of inheritance include: Law of dominance, Law of segregation and Law of independent assortment
• The gene is the hereditary unit 
• The physical traits are due to the expression of genes

Phenotype means the ______________________ of an individual.

• Behavior is also included in phenotype
• Phenotype can be subjected to change
• Alteration of phenotype to survive extreme condition is the basis for evolution

Which among the following is a recessive trait in pea plants?

• The homozygous trait for violet flower is PP and for white flower is pp
• A cross between these two flowers produced Pp which is heterozygous
• The hybrid formed exhibited dominant allele purple color, which will mask the recessive allele expression

Mendel believed that characteristics of pea plants are determined by the:

• Genes have two alleles: a dominant and recessive
• If both alleles are same they are termed homozygous, otherwise heterozygous
• The offspring will exhibit the characteristics of the dominant allele 

Mendel used __________ type of pea lines.

• Self pollinating flowers are produced when pollen fall from anther to the stigma of the same plant
• The genetic information of the female and male gametes will be same
• New character will not be produced during self pollination or true breeding
• Elimination of weaker qualities will not be possible in these plants

The idea that different alleles pairs are passed to offspring independently of each other is Mendel's law of:

• The law of segregation is the basis for independent assortment
• During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced to half to form haploid gametes
• The assortment of the chromosomes into gametes occur randomly
• Following segregation, recombination also occurs during meiosis
• Combination of paternal and maternal genes can occur and a hybrid is formed

The genotypic ratio of monohybrid cross is?

• Monohybrid cross is the cross between parents with homozygous genotype of a single trait
• Genotype of homozygous individuals cane be determined through monohybrid cross
• The dominant allele can be determined
• Punnett square can be used to determine the phenotype and genotype 

Continuous self-pollination in a species may develop?

• Pollination helps in the reproduction in plants by transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma
• Pollination can be classified into 

1. Self pollination: Pollen grains from anther falls into the stigma of the same flower
2. Cross pollination: Pollen grains from anther falls into the stigma of a different flower

Which method is used to produce a true-breeding line?  

• True or pure breeding is possible in self-pollination
• Elimination of weaker qualities is not possible
• New variety of offspring cannot be formed in self-pollinating plants

The process of the transfer of characters from parents to offspring is referred to as ______

• The genes are present in chromosomes
• Each organism has a specific number of chromosome
• Humans have 23 pairs while peas have 7 pairs

Which is not a pair of contrasting traits studied by Mendel?

• Gene is the hereditary unit
• Gene can have different versions called alleles
• The alleles can be dominant or recessive
• The presence of a dominant allele will mask the presence of a recessive allele

Mendel’s idea that the pair of alleles of each parent separate and only one allele from each parent is passed to an offspring is explained by:

• Law of segregation is the second law of inheritance
• Law of inheritance is based on the following:

1. Gene can exist in various versions called alleles
2. During meiosis, separation of allelic pair occurs providing single allele to each gamete
3. Organisms inherit two alleles for each phenotype
4. In an allele pair, one is dominant while other is recessive

Which plant was used by Mendel to give the laws of inheritance?

• The garden peas have a short germination period of 7 to 14 days
• The basics of heredity was explained by Gregor Mendel
• The traits exhibited by both dominant and recessive plants are as follows:

  Character	Dominant	Recessive
  Seed shape	Smooth	Wrinkled
  Seed color	Yellow	Green
  Flower color	Purple	White
  Pod shape	Inflated	Constricted
  Pod color	Green	Yellow
  Flower position	Axial	Terminal
  Stem length	Tall	Dwarf

In the given options which is a dominant trait?

• Law of inheritance includes:

1. Law of dominance
2. Law of segregation
3. Law of independent assortment