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text  Let  end text g colon R not stretchy rightwards arrow open parentheses 0 comma pi over 3 close square brackets text  be defined by  end text g left parenthesis x right parenthesis equals cos to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses fraction numerator x squared minus k over denominator 1 plus x squared end fraction close parentheses spaceThen find the possible values of  k for which g is surjective function

  1. open parentheses negative 1 comma negative 1 half close square brackets
  2. open parentheses negative 1 comma negative 1 third close square brackets
  3. open parentheses negative 1 comma negative 1 fourth close square brackets
  4. open parentheses negative 1 comma negative 1 fifth close square brackets

The correct answer is: open parentheses negative 1 comma negative 1 half close square brackets


    g left parenthesis x right parenthesis text  is surjective if  end text
1 half less or equal than fraction numerator x squared minus k over denominator 1 plus x squared end fraction less than 1 straight for all x element of R
table attributes columnalign left columnspacing 1em rowspacing 4 pt end attributes row cell text  or  end text 1 half less or equal than 1 minus fraction numerator left parenthesis k plus 1 right parenthesis over denominator x squared plus 1 end fraction less than 1 straight for all x element of R end cell row cell text  or  end text space of 1em minus 1 half less or equal than negative fraction numerator left parenthesis k plus 1 right parenthesis over denominator x squared plus 1 end fraction less than 0 straight for all x element of R end cell end table
table attributes columnalign left left columnspacing 1em rowspacing 4 pt end attributes row cell text  or  end text      0 less than fraction numerator left parenthesis k plus 1 right parenthesis over denominator x squared plus 1 end fraction less or equal than 1 half straight for all x element of R end cell row cell text  or  end text      k plus 1 greater than 0 space........ left parenthesis 1 right parenthesis end cell end table
So comma k greater than negative 1
table attributes columnalign left left columnspacing 1em rowspacing 4 pt end attributes row cell text  and  end text      fraction numerator k plus 1 over denominator x squared plus 1 end fraction less or equal than 1 half straight for all x element of R end cell row cell text  or  end text      x squared minus left parenthesis 2 k plus 1 right parenthesis greater or equal than 0 straight for all x element of R end cell row cell text  or  end text      4 left parenthesis 2 k plus 1 right parenthesis less or equal than 0 end cell end table
therefore space of 1em k less or equal than negative 1 half....... left parenthesis 2 right parenthesis
text  From  end text left parenthesis 1 right parenthesis text  and  end text left parenthesis 2 right parenthesis comma k element of open parentheses negative 1 comma negative 1 half close square brackets

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    text  If  end text f colon N not stretchy rightwards arrow Z space f left parenthesis n right parenthesis equals open curly brackets table attributes columnalign left columnspacing 1em end attributes row cell fraction numerator n minus 1 over denominator 2 end fraction comma text  when  end text n text  is odd  end text end cell row cell negative n over 2 comma text  when  end text n text  is even  end text end cell end table close
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    text  If  end text f colon N not stretchy rightwards arrow Z space f left parenthesis n right parenthesis equals open curly brackets table attributes columnalign left columnspacing 1em end attributes row cell fraction numerator n minus 1 over denominator 2 end fraction comma text  when  end text n text  is odd  end text end cell row cell negative n over 2 comma text  when  end text n text  is even  end text end cell end table close
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