Physics-
General
Easy
Question
Spherical aberration in spherical mirrors is a defect which is due to dependence of focal length ‘f’ on angle of incidence ‘ q ’ as shown in figure is given by 
where R is radius of curvature of mirror and q is the angle of incidence The rays which are closed to principal axis are called paraxial rays and the rays far away from principal axis are called marginal rays As a result of above dependence different rays are brought to focus at different points and the image of a point object is on a point The total deviation suffered by the ray falling on mirror at an angle of incidence equal to 60° is
- 180°
- 90°
- Can’t be determined
- none of these
The correct answer is: 180°
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Spherical aberration in spherical mirrors is a defect which is due to dependence of focal length ‘f’ on angle of incidence ‘ q ’ as shown in figure is given by where R is radius of curvature of mirror and q is the angle of incidence The rays which are closed to principal axis are called paraxial rays and the rays far away from principal axis are called marginal rays As a result of above dependence different rays are brought to focus at different points and the image of a point object is on a point If fp and fm represent the focal length of paraxial and marginal rays respectively, then correct relationship is :
Spherical aberration in spherical mirrors is a defect which is due to dependence of focal length ‘f’ on angle of incidence ‘ q ’ as shown in figure is given by where R is radius of curvature of mirror and q is the angle of incidence The rays which are closed to principal axis are called paraxial rays and the rays far away from principal axis are called marginal rays As a result of above dependence different rays are brought to focus at different points and the image of a point object is on a point If fp and fm represent the focal length of paraxial and marginal rays respectively, then correct relationship is :
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Most materials have the refractive index, n > 1 So, when a light ray from air enters a naturally occurring material, then by Snell’s it is understood that the refracted ray bends towards the normal But it never emerges on the same side of the normal as the incident ray According to electromagnetism, the refractive index of the medium is given by the relation, , where c is the speed of the electromagnetic waves in vacuum, v its speed in the medium, er and mr are negative, one must choose the negative root of n Such negative refractive index materials can now be artificially prepared and are called metamaterials They exhibit signficantly different optical behaviour, without violating any physical laws Since n is negative, it results in a change in the direction of propagation of the refracted light However, similar to normal materials, the frequency of light remains unchanged upon refraction even in metamaterials For light incident from air on a meta-material, the appropriate ray diagrams
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A ray of light traveling in air is incident at grazing angle (Ð >i 90º) on a long rectangular slab of a transparent medium of thickness t = 1.0 m The point of incidence is the medium A (0, 0) The medium has a variable index of refraction n(y) given by where The refractive index of air is 1 Equation for the trajectory y(x) of the ray in the medium is
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