Amides undergo hydrolysis to yield carboxylic acid plus amine on heating in either aqueous acid or aqueous base. The conditions required for amide hydrolysis are more severe than those required for the hydrolysis of esters, anhydrides or acid chlorides, but the mechanism is similar (nucleophilic acyl substitution). Nucleophilic acyl substitutions involve a tetrahedral intermediate, hence these are quite different from alkyl substitution which involves a pentavalent intermediate or transition state. One of the important reactions of esters is their reaction with two equivalent of Grignard reagent to give tertiary alcohols
When  is treated with two equivalent of methyl magnesium iodide and the product acidified the final product will be

Write the converse of the statement if x + 2 = 6, then x = 4

So we have given a statement and we have to find the what is the converse is. A conditional statement that has the antecedent and consequent switched around is known as a converse statement. So the answer is x + 2 = 6 i.e. if x = 4 then 4 + 2 = 6.

The converse of “if in a triangle ABC, AB =AC then  is

Converse of “if in a triangle ABC, AB =AC then    is In a triangle ABC, if   then AB = AC.

Ester gives nucleophilic addition reaction followed by elimination reaction with carbon nucleophile. When carbon nucleophile is of an ester then the reaction is known as Claisen condensation reaction. This reaction is also carried out between ester and a ketone. A successful Claisen condensation requires an ester with two a-hydrogens and an equivalent amount of base rather than a catalytic amount of base.
In the given reaction

Ester gives nucleophilic addition reaction followed by elimination reaction with carbon nucleophile. When carbon nucleophile is of an ester then the reaction is known as Claisen condensation reaction. This reaction is also carried out between ester and a ketone. A successful Claisen condensation requires an ester with two a-hydrogens and an equivalent amount of base rather than a catalytic amount of base.
In the given reaction :

The reactivity of acid derivatives in general follows the order :

The above order of reactivity can be explained in terms of the : (i) Basicity of leaving group (ii) Resonance effect (iii) Inductive effect Weaker is the basic character of leaving group, more is the reactivity of acid derivative. In general, all the acid derivatives show resonance as follows:

More is the stabilization, lesser is the reactivity and vice-versa.
Which of the following compounds will be most easily hydrolysed ?

The reactivity of acid derivatives in general follows the order :

The above order of reactivity can be explained in terms of the : (i) Basicity of leaving group (ii) Resonance effect (iii) Inductive effect Weaker is the basic character of leaving group, more is the reactivity of acid derivative. In general, all the acid derivatives show resonance as follows:

More is the stabilization, lesser is the reactivity and vice-versa.
Acid derivatives although contain group, yet do not undergo the usual properties of carbonyl group It is due to:

The reactivity of acid derivatives in general follows the order :

The above order of reactivity can be explained in terms of the : (i) Basicity of leaving group (ii) Resonance effect (iii) Inductive effect Weaker is the basic character of leaving group, more is the reactivity of acid derivative. In general, all the acid derivatives show resonance as follows:

More is the stabilization, lesser is the reactivity and vice-versa.
Which among the following ester is most reactive towards nucleophilic attack ?

The reactivity of acid derivatives in general follows the order :

The above order of reactivity can be explained in terms of the : (i) Basicity of leaving group (ii) Resonance effect (iii) Inductive effect Weaker is the basic character of leaving group, more is the reactivity of acid derivative. In general, all the acid derivatives show resonance as follows:

More is the stabilization, lesser is the reactivity and vice-versa.
Which of the most reactive acid derivative?

The reactivity of acid derivatives in general follows the order :

The above order of reactivity can be explained in terms of the : (i) Basicity of leaving group (ii) Resonance effect (iii) Inductive effect Weaker is the basic character of leaving group, more is the reactivity of acid derivative. In general, all the acid derivatives show resonance as follows:

More is the stabilization, lesser is the reactivity and vice-versa.
Which among the following anions is the most basic ?

Observe the esterification mechanisms for primary and tertiary alcohols.
Type.1

Mechanism

Type. 2

Mechanism

Observe the esterification mechanisms for primary and tertiary alcohols.
Type.1

Mechanism

Type. 2

Mechanism



In the above reaction (P) and (Q) are respectively :

Observe the following sequence of reaction and answer the questions based on it

Which of the following compound give benzoic acid on KMnO₄ oxidation

Observe the following sequence of reaction and answer the questions based on it

Which of the following statement is not correct

Observe the following sequence of reaction and answer the questions based on it

Compound z is :

In the Hofmann rearrangement an unsubstituted amide is treated with sodium hydroxide and bromine to give a primary amine that has one carbon lesser than starting amide.
General reaction :

Mechanism :

If the migrating group is chiral then its configuration is retained. Electron releasing effects in the migrating group increases reactivity of Hofmann rearrangement.