Maths-
General
Easy
Question
- 8
- 1
- 9
- 7
The correct answer is: 7
Divide Nr by Dr
Related Questions to study
physics-
A transparent solid cylindrical rod has a refractive index of
. It is surrounded by air. A light ray is incident at the mid–point of one end of the rod as shown in the figure
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAMcAAAA8CAYAAADSUK4cAAADLUlEQVR4nO3dvWrbUBjG8SelF2Hw4mRIl9JeQwZTQqB0KHTsWtMOqfdQsnQqzdChYOjUqdA1eDAm19AugUCMF4Pvwh0SB9fWq88jya/8/0EGfyg51tFzPqQjZ2+xWCwEYMOjugsAbCvCARgIB2AgHICBcAAGwgEYCAdgIByAgXAABsIBGAgHYCAcgIFwAAbCARgIB2B4XHcBsuq0W3UXARlNZ/O6i5CLq3B02i1NZ/OHgHjd6VmsNwYeP/Oy3rzZ83In4HogmhSQKnvDOvaX17pyFY71net1p9c5NKxrX3msKxfDKs/zjDRljztgorb3dIB55iIcltX5xzYoGoQyt63bttVVGm7CkdS6lnHgrFamNaSLE6JMngMRxdPk3E046pYUBi8VjvS2PhxVdsVp/xZB2A1bH44yZQ0eoSjG27zDRThCHJR55wgeT0EiDBfhiGO1RnFhyHqgE4zdFBuO1VYz6sxN0lXrUI+jyrP+epowpP19Rd/P4839F9WIWa8nbR/q9SSNWZW7+oGnszmtPQqrdPlInvG7dV58vVcjDD54qqtK5xwhzlYkDX2AUAoMqyYa9F+o026pc3yqcbgybei0Ww8/DJlQldzhGPd7ujn+rulsrqv+E130RyHLFYlQ+Oatl88ZjpGG16/0vnsgSdrv9vRRXzSYBCyZ4tc2AWXLF47RpX6vPXVwKN3cJm+aZt7BEArbIP+E/O+5jtrn/z319Gwi3fcmSeJuXpKy9RQECGXIPyF/9klX9y37dDbXjzfpN427iGf1Ft7Gq4jmqSGrbfnIcnhVZO0SgUGZ8oWje6LXby81kbQvSZro9vq5Xn7YHFKFuCnI22pObPJYf7mvkI/7LV0c/tS3d11pdKqj4YmmX7uR77V2TNYr5cttOIvli9eVzQWWj0w06Pf0+defu/nHsHffi2wK9SUBHlsf3PEWDKmitVVN+GIy7J5SJ+S09PCslHBYcwJPKzKBoMMqJspokmA3OxEMNE3hYRWhQFPlDgehQNNlDgenZbErUoeDUGDXZO45CAV2hZt/XgNUrTHfWwWERjgAA+EADIQDMBAOwEA4AAPhAAz/AB1mxQrSphXSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
The incident angle q for which the light ray grazes along the wall of the rod is
A transparent solid cylindrical rod has a refractive index of
. It is surrounded by air. A light ray is incident at the mid–point of one end of the rod as shown in the figure
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
The incident angle q for which the light ray grazes along the wall of the rod is
physics-General
physics-
An object is placed 20 cm in front of a plano–convex lens of focal length 15 cm. The plane surface of the lens is silvered. The image will be formed at a distance
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
An object is placed 20 cm in front of a plano–convex lens of focal length 15 cm. The plane surface of the lens is silvered. The image will be formed at a distance
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
A ray of light is incident at the glass-water interface at an angle I, it emerges finally parallel to the surface of water, then the value of mg would be:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
A ray of light is incident at the glass-water interface at an angle I, it emerges finally parallel to the surface of water, then the value of mg would be:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
A parallel beam of light falls on a convex lens. The path of the rays is shown in the figure. It follows that
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJQAAACCCAYAAACgs+FSAAAN0klEQVR4nO2dT2gbxx7Hv0pfEx1Mo5ZCldLiVVCMXB71uie5KVihh8ppiTf0j9WT5ENq+dBauiR2KZUNDxzoYeVD6yQX25fKeS1IpbwnpxfZ0FSCHiRDiESsIhsKUijUooRK5NDfOxjp2Y0lS9ZI+0fzAR/s3Z35SfvxzOzs/DEQEYHDYcQJpQPg6AsuFIcpXCgOU7hQHKZwoThM4UJxmMKF4jCFC8VhCheqi1hbW0MqlWprHv9oa+ocVZDJZOD3+wEAoVCorXlxoXRMsVjE3Nwc1tbWIMsynE5n2/PkVZ5OCQaDGBwcRG9vL9LpdEdkArhQumN9fR39/f3Y2dlBMpmEz+fraP68ytMJ29vb8Pv9KBaLCIfDsNlsisTBSyiNUywWMTMzg5GREbjdbsRiMcVkArhQmubGjRsYGhrC6dOnkUwmIUmS0iHxKk+LJBIJ+P1+iKKIWCwGs9msdEhVuFAaolAowO/3Y3t7G7Isw263Kx3SE/AqTwOUy2XMzs5iaGgIo6OjiMfjqpQJ4EKpntXVVfT39wMA0uk0XC6XwhHVp6urvGKxCJPJpHQYh5JKpTA5OQlBEBCPx1XVTqoLdSnBYJBeeuklyufzSodygHw+T16vl0RRpHg8rnQ4TdOVVd7y8jJSqRS++eYbjIyMIJFIKB0SyuUyrl+/jgsXLmBgYADJZFK17aS6KG10p1laWiKPx1P9PZ/Pk91uJ1mWFYspHA6TzWaj6elp2t3dVSwOFhiIumei5/LyMjY2NrC0tPTEscpri8OOtYvKsBKj0QhZliEIQsfybhtKG90pYrEYORyOuuf8vfRqVxzff/89jY2Nkc1mo2g02tb8Ok1XCJXP50kUxYYa4O2QSpIkAnDg5/3332eah1roCqEcDgfFYrGGz2ctVTQaPSDTm2++ySxttaF7oaanp2l+fr7p61hIVSqV6OrVq/T0009XZTKZTKrrqmCJroWKRqPkdDqPff3i4iJ5vd5jXbu7u0sff/wxPfXUUzQ2NkbpdJqMRiOFQqFjx6MFdCtUqVQim81GuVyupXQ8Hg8tLS01dc3i4iLZbDaan58/0A3QTLWrVXQrlM/nY9K3VCqVyG63UzKZPPLcWCxGoiiS1+vVdbVWD10KlUwmSRRFZunlcjkSRbFmp2M+nyeXy0UOh6Mh8fQMM6HU1MMrimLNG3vcOMPhMEmSdOBvpVKJAoEACYKg+7ZRozB7lxeJRDA4OIhIJMIqyWPHIQgCRFE89HgqlYLFYsHy8nJT6VaG11Y+n9aGlXSK6quXYrHY9DTlx48f4/79+wCAn3/+GV9//TUAwGq1wu1244033mAc7tFcuXIF165dg9VqPfD3ymfLZrP48ssvAQBmsxlut7vhOWuFQgFXr17FmTNncPbsWciyrJ1hJR2iKlQwGMR3333X1MXlcrnmm/oTJ07AarXixRdfbD3KBvn999/x66+/4tVXX33i2Pr6es3rBEFo6D3aX3/9ha2tLUiShK+++qqlWHULq7pzaWmJAJDRaCSfz6fIU44kSRQOh+ueE4vFqp2MHo+n6W6FUqlEgiB07VPcUTATKhQKKSYSUeNPdrFY7Fgi7ScUCpHL5Tr29XpGN8NXJicnMTAwAK/X25H8zpw5g2QyydtQf0M3QnX6BgeDQezs7ECW5Y7kpxV0MQR4fX0dNputo6WF1+vF6uoqisVix/LUAroQ6vbt2xgbG+tonkajES6Xq+n+LL2jiypPqfZMoVDA0NAQ0uk0jEZjR/NWK5ovoRKJBARBUKRxbDabIQiCKmbNqAVdCKXkdKOxsTHcvn1bsfzVhuaF2tzcxMDAgGL5O51OrK2tKZa/2tC8UEqXUIIgwGQytX25Zq2gaaGKxSIKhYKiK7YBwOjoqOKjLNSCpoVKpVI1h6l0EqfTiTt37igdhirQtFDb29uqmG1rs9mQyWSUDkMVaFqoQqGgindpJpMJZrOZSwWNC/Xw4UO88MILSocBgJdSFTQtlFqqPIALVUHTQqlpBbqBgQFsbm4qHYbiMBNqbW0NwWAQ5XKZVZJtIZVKYXZ2lvkoAbPZjEKhwDTNZggGg6roumAmVGXJY4vFghs3brBKljmVHZosFguuX7/O7B9AEARsb28zSes4bG5u4vLly4rPPDIQEWUyGUxOTjZ9cb1JCkajEVarFc8//3yrMdYklUpVe6qPotYkhZMnT0IQhJYnU5TLZaRSqY722tebqdTT04O+vj4888wzLeczMTHR8DQxAxFRPTHq8ejRI3z77bcAgF9++QU//vgjgL0P8+677+K9995DT09P0+k2it/vh9vtbqhzszJu6eHDh9V3bydPnsSlS5fw4Ycf4rnnnms5ngsXLiAWi7WcTqMUCoXqZ7l79y6y2SyA5qeHHUVTgxdZDU5fWloik8lEgUCgY7OIm133iWhvkkK7ZuYw/DqbxuPxkCAITS/swRpm65Q7HA7kcrmOPnUZjcam20A2mw25XK4tHaKVdpQSXRlTU1MdXR+0Fi00yqOYMJzHwl4pCyE9j2evxdlE1SDHaQibzWZV9K6z5mC1f/DeIDoBw0S0I3G0qR8qi4XzBhgME2jnx+jt7cXOzs4RZ3Xuy1XLq6C6ZBdw3mCAwWDA+eqXwo42CWXF1N0tBF9vT+oVWn9Uj2KC4ZdbLpc1MLb8bawQgei/+Oe//wPWSmm6p7xVobILDyBVvlzfFy2VptqQCYDVCisAZB/glc+mYD3q/CZpUaifcH8rCyCL7IN7wL0HyEYX0IaS9FBaFco6NYURAMAIpI/u4UELcauvuqt9b6ITBhjO+eCLsK/6WxTqddy7eA7nJ7ZgffsDvP6TD+f+BbzNWvsamM1mGI3GBqRqQPxXPmgpbjW9V9yj9r0ZuUkg2kLwXoR5G7c1oT76DHeJcPfmCGCdwl0i0F32xWg9HA5H3aV69jhC/OgEIn2txZ3JZBQfinyAI++NFX0fvIJzjLM9vlDZB7hX53B04hx8P93CxfMLzBt++xkeHsbGxkb9k+p9udEJGCISbo60FofSs28OUOfeRCf2HkIMBkPL/0SH0bZG+V6x2v4SSxTF+jNO6ny52YXzMFy8Bdy6CIPBgFZ6E1RXQtWgel+IWv4nOgxdTEV/9tlna/fSZxdw/ou+vdKpjfT39yMcDmtCqnaiC6HGx8cxPDwMj8ejSP7FYhEWiwW7u7uK5K8mNN0PVcHtdmNlZUWx/NfW1pi92dc6uhDK4XAgk8koNmLyzp07eOuttxTJW23oQigA8Hg8iq3VtL6+DofDoUjeakM3Qim1CkqlU1Uts2+URjdCVYZvdHrRitXVVb6Lwj508ZRXIRKJYGVlBeFwuGN58u6CgzAroZRsFFeQJAnb29sNl1KpVKql6VSJRAImk4nLtA9mQiUSCVgslup29UoRCAQwNzfX0LmRSAQWi+XY8/RWVlbgdrubvk7PPFHlFQqFhqdUKz3rpRa1NhACDsa8ublZLc2aiblQKODll1/GO++8g3w+r41xUB3iCaFWV1dx8+bNhi7evxvV48eP8eeff1aPdWJeXi3++OMPZLNZvPbaa08c2x9zuVw+MMmhp6cHZ8+ePXJK1aNHj7C1tYW+vj788MMPKhu2ojCsps9UNg9Sw1QeIiKv10uLi4t1zwkEAgSARFE8ctOh/ZRKJert7aVPP/2UbDbbkfl0E8yEikajqhCpQiO7RoVCoaZEqiDLMvl8PiLa2x7W6/WSKIpdsUn1Uehyz+EKh23r2iq1RE0mk+RwOEiSpK7e+kw3HZuHIUkSTCYT01cyMzMzmJqaemL8uCiKiMVicLvdGBoawuzsrOpXomkLShvdbkqlEjkcDorH4y2n1eiefN28ubXuhSIiyuVyZLfbW66K6u22fhj5fJ5cLhfZ7XYmQmuBrhCKaG+RDKfTSaVS6VjX72+IN0s8Hie73U4ul0v37auuEYpor2vD4/E0fV0ymSS73X5sGSuEQiESBIECgUDLaakVXTfK/47H48Hw8DDGx8cbvqZYLGJ8fByhUKjlHnGXy4V0Og0Ah640p4tFX5U2WgmaKamcTidFo1HmMeRyOXI6nWQ0Gmlubo7y+TyZzWbN92V1pVBEe1K5XK66Vc/09DTNz8+3LYZ8Pk+XLl0iAHTq1KnqmwYtV4ddKxTRXpvGbrdTLpd74thx21vHjQNA9efKlSsdybcddLVQRP/vW9pf1XRSJiIiSZIOCAWAPv/8847lzxJdjdg8LsViEZcvX8bo6ChMJhM2NjY6trzgYQvmFgoF3Lp1C6dOnYIsy5oawMeF2scnn3yC3377DaFQSOlQAOzN9/P7/XA6nQgEApoYJsOF0gDBYBALCwuYmpqCz+dTOpy6dFU/lFbx+XxIJpPY2dlBf3+/qvc45iWUxshkMvD7/QCgyvYVF0qjVNpXkiTh2rVrqmlf8SpPozidTqTTaZw+fRpDQ0Oq2bCJC6VxpqenEYvFsLm5icHBwQaWh2wvvMrTEalUCn6/HyaTCbIsK7LeAhdKh0QiEczMzCjSvuJVng6RJAnJZLLavurkMke8hNI5hUIBMzMzyGQykGW57RtEcqG6hEQiAb/fD0EQIMty23Z94EJ1Gaurq1hYWEA83p6t6LhQHKbwRjmHKVwoDlO4UBymcKE4TOFCcZjCheIwhQvFYQoXisMULhSHKVwoDlO4UBymcKE4TOFCcZjCheIwhQvFYQoXisMULhSHKVwoDlO4UBym/A8G6IW10LBxRQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
A parallel beam of light falls on a convex lens. The path of the rays is shown in the figure. It follows that
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
Find the size of image formed in the situation shown in figure.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Find the size of image formed in the situation shown in figure.
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAMEAAACNCAYAAAAO2B6LAAAJXElEQVR4nO3dzUsb6wIG8MfL/R+Mumg+SnsEudmLZ1EkyQkJ1oVwsikeEEpC6akfWRWqaMGVWOk97VhBOOVsUnAhogQzDS6OnH0ugh84k2yU/BdzF5nEiUnMJB2dzLzPDwLJaz4m7Tx5P+add/o0TdNAJLB/2b0BRHZjCEh4DAEJjyEg4TEEJDyGgITHEJDwGAISHkNAwmMISHgMAQmPISDhMQQkPIaAhMcQkPAYAhIeQ0DCYwhIeAwBCY8hIOH92+4NoN7jHfLY8rmlq7Itn8sQUJ1qAOzaIe3A5hDVqe78dtUGdmAIqIFoQWAIqCmRgsAQUEuiBIEhoDuJ0EFmCMgUN9cGDAG15fbagCEg09xaGzAEZIqbawOGgDrixtqAISDT3FobMATUMbfVBgwB9aziZgTeednc84Y88A5GsKW2L7+tqxC47ZeAOnff+0BxM4Jn7wvtn6hK+AQJpasyjhaB1T/ku8ub6LomYBDE9FD9Al/yEEfvgu2f6E9hLemvvCYwjJEngbvLm+g6BG7tJInMbPPDHBlpYzNEnjW8t4qtqKfSVLl96/rzVWwpMezrO3778hs8qYYAGJofv7Z/bumq/IMtAT9eZst4+QPvUE9GevAFdvqAPfxj2OFbldezrmOsSogPtu+EAFb/4pAVTDc/DLoPgtU1QQhr12UcvQviZOUj8m3L61kUAhnpsV1MHJdROp7E3thsyw803eGhDrVqftxH0+NHVWqC0lWT23qo63f1JdOY6qC8yprmkHyAnUQaJT8ARDARXEZW3sB4k+/jSx7iCBE8u7Dkk6ktq5senSjgQlEBP1BUToHTpyjKl5ADKbxs3UTvnnyAnUQMa2bLdZbUBEXl1PDIj8AwcKa0aRM1I8/e/EpFJRSrZVEJeX3MN76p1sZ/45tdfIZw7KwJgjibHkV8XoEvPImRwjKerQMhMwGQZysthm8v6rdTb3an9aLasYAhD7zZWK0maVXejGUd47uGoExRJcSnge3rMsb1Ds0n+TEwnQH6gA/P/0Hp70PEx0bxerF6/yPyyQ2MW/MVXMrGmiCRxn5t5wth/zpl/rWhDZSuNhrL/am69/ElD1FKNj6tVXkzPTM6VMztAouSvkNXOjQAgOMlnI2dYy7pB1QASBjuU72Ha360HSFSL3GGx9Z+6D2xpDnkCwzj5ELRH6lQToGfAp3/q9+8B3XnHpofArBmdCgUw1RmrTIyoR5iD0t41WEn3xeexEj1PQBAlZBmm78ziTT2r8uVJog/hf3rMkrZFHxmXhvasGSEpsafMjSFepzWhUeD/Y2FymctNtCvPRoIa1+UxvKFnP4490Z7NNhfuc3l6t/D+LeBN9p3TdG+/FJ5vJAz3tc0VQo3fw9RKZ+12AP/WzTdDxyoT9M0rdPgeIc8nDbRa1QJ8T8eP+ivr1v2A4aAuuaWdUt5PgEJjyHoAdWDOmSPhuYQ/zPILcw201gTkPC66hiTtZzawXTqdt/WM9MmROb0ncjpOmsOGWd5chYn1TSfqeqY/cPsUTVVCutHcaty2sJAvxaTlDteRW52+4jx9znD/qAf/V9wwAF9czWBKuH1CvD22DhtOYS1rwmcrKTank5JzdXNeZ+XAXm2Nk/e8UK/4+1/gJ1s738hUyEo5nZxgmE0TAwNxTCFAvZyTEGn8vMePFsZxnZ10lr0AN7fMnZvlnXUQ+wVLDjP5AGY7xgHn6JxRm4AT4LAmZVbJAJVwodMsL5mDW2g9CeQtnO7LHDyfhTe9/qDxF8o3bHUSa8wH4LCOVTg1rRcBRcFAM+t3Si3q9ascw0160bL82CdYuRd66VNepWp5pAvPIkRZNDQvFMvcYYgJsLO+tJ2Uy8KLWpWsoO5jrE/hbkEsDNtXEpFRnpsGViU7mflABfzP+lsfR+6X6aPE4yvl3G0eIqZ2jjwC+Br2XFVXy/wBYaBwi7k2+MJjj2brnKcYOab3idw2OmZnDZhk/y8BzOZBLavq51jGenoJV6ZPR3SZm46p4TTJmwyvl7GNjyYGdKHRbVKIJwQALdhTUBdcVNNwKnU1DG3nXPCEFBX3FILAAwBEUNAxBBQR9zWHwAYAuqCm/oDAENAxOMERKwJSHgMAQmPISBT3DgqVMUQUFtuDgDAEJBJbhsWNWII6E5urwUAhoDu4Ja1RtthCKgpUQIAMATUhEgBAHh6Jd3hofsDdoWOIaA6otUCAOcOEbFPQMQQkPAYAhIeQ0DCYwhIeBwi7QFunZ/jlGFWDpH2EDeM0TvxOzAEJDz2CUh4DIFjGS6gPRipv4yuKiE+2KScmmIIHKq4+RH4VLn863aigNVXEooAKpfR2sXEcRml40nsjRkvsUXNsE/gBqqE+Ng55q43MC7PwpuNobQeQqW2GMXFfBlrIbs3snexJnAL/WqYReXUUOhHYBg4UwxtInlWv+acB96oXnvIs/BGJeQ3I/AOeRDfVFE03Hc7hsANlHPgeaR2qaeWV5FXJcSnge2rMkpXf2GqsIxPsoz0dAb43zI+QELp7yVgZRSva/c/ur45xYNljicjvf4U/822v4poMbcLLEr6hQJDWLvWx/KPl3A2do65pB9QASBhuO9+rAkcLj9/gKjhipe+wDBOLhT9kQrlFPgpcBOQm79RFUPgYMXNCLJR/RKw1Wsgh2KYyqxVhkbVQ+xhCa/0TrEvPImR6t+MrxGdRo70fa5fezRouA2EtS+K/kflsxYbuFVWlXtjeM0b7bumaF9+qTxeyBnva5oqhSvPm8s99Nd7UBwiJeGxOUTCYwhIeAwBCY8hIOExBCQ8hoCExxCQ8LoKQXUWIlGVk/eJjg6WOfVL0sNz/Yn2TlxRgO6Xk/cJTpsg4bFjTMITMgT5eQ/SsqGAqzMITbwQqBI+ZIwFXJ1BdMKFIJ8DJhKGAvkAO4k0XvoB+COYCGaQlVu9mtxIrBDIs8gGUjCehs7VGUigEKjYUmJN19/h6gxiE2e1CfkQCKc6eglXZxCDMDVBPruM1Z8rzZqZb8DOb5WmC1dnIGFCML5eWbezdFXG9q/A1J9l7Cf9XJ2BBGoOtRTC2vEl4mMerCKIt8eHtTV84E9h/+s5vD97sAoAWgLb1xFsRZdx0gdk5d+hrFfvb8Cv7OKkr4CZ+epaoOQEnDZBwhOmOUTUCkNAwmMISHgMAQmPISDhMQQkPIaAhMcQkPAYAhIeQ0DCYwhIeP8HH9dSfSHnOmAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
physics-General
physics-
Locate the image of the point object O in the situation shown in figure. The point C denotes the centre of curvature of the separating surface
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Locate the image of the point object O in the situation shown in figure. The point C denotes the centre of curvature of the separating surface
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
A fish looking up through the water sees the outside world contained in a circular horizon. If the refractive index of water is 4/3 and the fish is 12 cm below the surface of water, the radius of the circle in centimeter is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
A fish looking up through the water sees the outside world contained in a circular horizon. If the refractive index of water is 4/3 and the fish is 12 cm below the surface of water, the radius of the circle in centimeter is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
Consider the situation shown in figure. Water (mw = 4/3) is filled in a beaker upto a height of 10 cm. A plane mirror is fixed at a height of 5 cm from the surface of water. Distance of image from the mirror after reflection from the mirror after reflection from it of an object O at the bottom of the beaker is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Consider the situation shown in figure. Water (mw = 4/3) is filled in a beaker upto a height of 10 cm. A plane mirror is fixed at a height of 5 cm from the surface of water. Distance of image from the mirror after reflection from the mirror after reflection from it of an object O at the bottom of the beaker is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
One side of a glass slab is silvered as shown in figure. A ray of light is incident on the other side at angle of incidence i = 45º. Refractive index of glass is given as 1.5. The deviation of the ray of light from its initial path when it comes out of the slab is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
One side of a glass slab is silvered as shown in figure. A ray of light is incident on the other side at angle of incidence i = 45º. Refractive index of glass is given as 1.5. The deviation of the ray of light from its initial path when it comes out of the slab is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
Consider the following diagram The incident ray parallel to the optical axis passing through
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Consider the following diagram The incident ray parallel to the optical axis passing through
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
A layered lens as shown in the figure is made of two materials indicated by different shades. A point object is placed on its axis. The lens will form.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
A layered lens as shown in the figure is made of two materials indicated by different shades. A point object is placed on its axis. The lens will form.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
A prism of refractive index
is immersed in water of refractive index
. For the total internal reflection the correct choice is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
A prism of refractive index
is immersed in water of refractive index
. For the total internal reflection the correct choice is
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJ4AAAB8CAYAAACYCQnyAAAGfklEQVR4nO3dz0sbaRwG8CfL/g+m8dAxKVpBmrt0DyLZbLC4l0BzWbYgFKW4a60noYoteAqtdOkmKxR22UsKHmpxkZoVD7t4zyK0lebHxZD/YvagaSdmkphkZr5v3nk+4MEk5n1jnnznfd+ZzARM0zRB5LGvpDtA/sTgkQgGj0QweCSCwSMRDB6JaBk8YzgIYzjoZV/IR1jxSASD1wduFXrH4JEIBo9EMHgkgsEjEQweiWDwSASDRyIYPBLB4PXIunDMReTuMXg9qpzVpLsw0Bg8BzCE3WPwSASDRyK+7vSA+sC5clZrGETXNy9u3+bl83fbZp0xHPSsTYnX2W+bdkMRVjwSEWj1he52aaVz/B/1jhWPRDB4JILBIxEdZ7X9yWMl9AN2AjZ3mVGs/vsO98Pu9oDU5HLFiyFdreHocRS4tY6jsxoqZzVUzo6xGi1g83Yc2yV3e0B9yC/BCLnzHgltasO4/3IdEyjg7QGTp6rD/RwQcOc9khvjhW/gpljj1Fke+7kUkneBk913KDv87GLBK2fT2EEUs99ykKeicjaND2s/IZ1IAYU3yDtc9LwL3n8bmLr4ArQxHMTUk3G8qnJyoaYS8rs4LwqxGSRdGBK5PKu1uLWOo/0FjFz8Ws7GMTUcxMTjY+zNN6dvkA6uHKS+WrXc45J/gc3xFVTCABBDIgXsPHmBw/ktTDvUtnfBu2RkPoPV3UlsdnhBKu+OcnqXmRe74K7yITnczyGZ2Pr8+3QiBbzOYT+/hemYM/0QXEAOIzIOAO9R1HxiW84u4U4oCCMUx0pW5sVaz/NSuVjWslXK4HkO2Ln3ZVhk3MsBAHb28471R3ByEcfcawCpFb3HefklLO6O4ZdqDZVqBqO7k7jjUfgMy5ga6BC4C+WDN8Da8efH1n9e3QWQ+wuHTnXObOF6aMi8HhpqdfcVHZiPrg19fq6mn4cHLf/Smfbd1bmPRfO374bMR9aXWfzVnLn2s/l3T8/XXb+6fq42fTu/b8icyRT77p9pmqbLY7zzPRdpdxtRV+kd3haimI1YbgvfwE28QbEETDtY6e0O9OxKKYM7tzdwEgDmQu8bd2da7sPTSRi7jRPFXohNLnyh+BEnGMfDhoBFMBot4LQI4FLw6kftWo9o7qTdkdFdCS9gr7rQ/X09YvDcFshhbjjXdPNEsQTEei95jgVOCIPnNjOFV1XrclEJ24lJnEbsQ9eu6g162KwYPDdFxjDRNJ4r4rQQxWik3R820ilwdQyem8JxzEY3GsdzpU/4gHEk2mxlrVWv/rtuGDxXhXF/OQXjWQaJyAKmwyVsP9gA1o5b7qnRsbrZUfp7tVqIbeGouITF20HMIYrkWvO+6VZLITp/r5YVzwMj81vYm99qul27D1kXlP1erXT7V9FrH/2yOW2HFc8jDFsjBs9lDJw9Bs8FDFtnrgavm32OOmDgrs6VyYVfZ2sM29U5WvHsAtfrm6H6rJbVrT+OBs/6Buha9Rg4Z7g2xtPpTWHYnMdZbRsMnHsYvEsYNm8weBcYOG/5/ugUv52BXaJNuw+yLw8SYHWT56tNrfSHib7QPnisbmrSNngMnNq0Cx43p4NBi+Cxug2egQ4eq9vgGrjgsbrpYWAWkO36YT3QdBAXVv3S5kAuINexuulF6U0tw6YvZS+ix9DpTb3g5Zcazt1rJDIoo4Tt5YzjV5chOUoF73A5COPH91j9x3Li55fAYmgSm7mP0Pzk8L6iTPDqZ4FP/nHpaj/hBexV/0RSrGfkBkWCl8fLJwXg1joe2F7AI4YHa2Ned4pcpMastvQJHwBMfB9veSbxkfn+zjJOalFjAdkEEAAmbB6n88KqX9pUdwE5vwTjXq7lBfVIP2qM8WIzSJrAyWlRuifkETWCd3FpSuTS2G6xZlLOxrHi3DXcSJgiwQOmnx1jNVrA5jfBpoAdLgexiAzSDl2ykuSpMcazKGfjmHpaaLgt+XuNodNMx+DVSRwWpftszy9tqjurJd9RZoxH/sLgkQg19ly0uU3nsY9f2rQbrrHikQhOLkgEKx6JYPBIBCcXPhvoS7TJBWRSBje1JILBIxEMHong5MJnA32JNrnngpTBWS2JYMUjEQweieDkwmcDfYk2ueeClMFNLYlg8EgEx3g+G29JtMkFZFIGJxckghWPRDB4JILBIxEtx3hEbmLFIxEMHolg8EgEg0ciGDwSweCRCAaPRDB4JILBIxH/Aw3kKNv3QMXZAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
physics-General
physics-
For a prism PQR the incident and emergent rays are parallel. The minimum value of refractive index of the prism material is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
For a prism PQR the incident and emergent rays are parallel. The minimum value of refractive index of the prism material is
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
When the prism is in the minimum deviation position (Figure). Choose the correct one.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
When the prism is in the minimum deviation position (Figure). Choose the correct one.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General
physics-
Figure shows a cross - section of light pipe made of glass fibre of refractive index 1.68. The outer coating of the pipe is made of a material of refractive index 1.44. What is the range of angles of the incident rays with the axis of the pipe for which total internal reflection inside the pipe takes place ?
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Figure shows a cross - section of light pipe made of glass fibre of refractive index 1.68. The outer coating of the pipe is made of a material of refractive index 1.44. What is the range of angles of the incident rays with the axis of the pipe for which total internal reflection inside the pipe takes place ?
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
physics-General